NURS 103 PHARMACOLOGY FINAL EXAM
2025/2026
FDA :
ANSWER : A federal agency responsible for protecting public health by regulating
food safety, pharmaceuticals, and medical devices.
Regulatory Authority :
ANSWER : The power granted to the FDA to enforce laws related to food and drug
safety.
Clinical Trials :
ANSWER : Research studies conducted to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of new
drugs or treatments before they can be marketed.
Drug Approval Process :
ANSWER : The series of steps that a pharmaceutical company must follow to obtain
FDA approval for a new drug.
Food Safety Modernization Act (FSMA) :
ANSWER : A law aimed at ensuring the U.S. food supply is safe by shifting the focus
from responding to contamination to preventing it.
Labeling Requirements :
ANSWER : Regulations that mandate specific information be included on food and
drug packaging to inform consumers.
,Adverse Event Reporting :
ANSWER : A system for healthcare professionals and consumers to report negative
effects experienced from medications or medical devices.
Biologics Control Act :
ANSWER : Legislation that gives the FDA authority to regulate biological products,
including vaccines and blood products.
Cosmetic Regulations :
ANSWER : Guidelines that govern the safety and labeling of cosmetics to ensure they
do not harm consumers.
Tobacco Control Act :
ANSWER : Legislation that grants the FDA authority to regulate the manufacture,
distribution, and marketing of tobacco products.
Furosemide (Lasix) :
ANSWER : A loop diuretic used to treat edema associated with heart failure, liver
cirrhosis, and renal disease.
Furosemide (Lasix) Mechanism of Action :
ANSWER : Inhibits the reabsorption of sodium and chloride in the ascending loop of
Henle, increasing urine output.
Furosemide (Lasix) Common Side Effects :
ANSWER : Electrolyte imbalances, dehydration, hypotension, and ototoxicity.
,Nursing Intervention for Electrolyte Imbalance :
ANSWER : Monitor serum electrolyte levels regularly, especially potassium, and
assess for signs of hypokalemia.
Furosemide (Lasix) Patient Education :
ANSWER : Instruct patients to take the medication in the morning to avoid nocturia
and to maintain adequate hydration.
Furosemide (Lasix) Indications for Use :
ANSWER : Prescribed for conditions such as hypertension, heart failure, and renal
impairment.
Furosemide (Lasix) Contraindications :
ANSWER : Should not be used in patients with anuria or hypersensitivity to
sulfonamides.
Furosemide (Lasix) Monitoring Parameters :
ANSWER : Assess blood pressure, weight, and renal function before and during
treatment.
Furosemide (Lasix) Signs of Ototoxicity :
ANSWER : Inform patients to report any ringing in the ears or hearing loss.
Furosemide (Lasix) Dietary Considerations :
ANSWER : Encourage a diet rich in potassium if not contraindicated, as the
medication can cause potassium loss.
, Metoprolol :
ANSWER : A medication primarily used to treat high blood pressure and heart-related
conditions by blocking beta-adrenergic receptors.
Beta-blocker (general definition) :
ANSWER : A class of medications that reduce blood pressure and heart rate by
blocking the effects of adrenaline on the heart.
What is hypertension? :
ANSWER : A condition characterized by consistently elevated blood pressure, which
can lead to serious health issues.
Metoprolol Side effects :
ANSWER : Unintended effects can include fatigue, dizziness, HA, weakness, cold
hands/feet, stomach pain, diarrhea and bradycardia
What is bradycardia? :
ANSWER : An abnormally slow heart rate, which can occur as a side effect of beta-
blockers like metoprolol.
Metoprolol Nursing intervention :
ANSWER : Actions taken by nurses to improve patient outcomes, such as monitoring
vital signs and educating patients about medication adherence.
Metoprolol Patient education :
ANSWER : Providing information to patients about their medications, including how
to take them (exactly as directed) and potential side effects. No not stop suddenly,
tapering off required.
2025/2026
FDA :
ANSWER : A federal agency responsible for protecting public health by regulating
food safety, pharmaceuticals, and medical devices.
Regulatory Authority :
ANSWER : The power granted to the FDA to enforce laws related to food and drug
safety.
Clinical Trials :
ANSWER : Research studies conducted to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of new
drugs or treatments before they can be marketed.
Drug Approval Process :
ANSWER : The series of steps that a pharmaceutical company must follow to obtain
FDA approval for a new drug.
Food Safety Modernization Act (FSMA) :
ANSWER : A law aimed at ensuring the U.S. food supply is safe by shifting the focus
from responding to contamination to preventing it.
Labeling Requirements :
ANSWER : Regulations that mandate specific information be included on food and
drug packaging to inform consumers.
,Adverse Event Reporting :
ANSWER : A system for healthcare professionals and consumers to report negative
effects experienced from medications or medical devices.
Biologics Control Act :
ANSWER : Legislation that gives the FDA authority to regulate biological products,
including vaccines and blood products.
Cosmetic Regulations :
ANSWER : Guidelines that govern the safety and labeling of cosmetics to ensure they
do not harm consumers.
Tobacco Control Act :
ANSWER : Legislation that grants the FDA authority to regulate the manufacture,
distribution, and marketing of tobacco products.
Furosemide (Lasix) :
ANSWER : A loop diuretic used to treat edema associated with heart failure, liver
cirrhosis, and renal disease.
Furosemide (Lasix) Mechanism of Action :
ANSWER : Inhibits the reabsorption of sodium and chloride in the ascending loop of
Henle, increasing urine output.
Furosemide (Lasix) Common Side Effects :
ANSWER : Electrolyte imbalances, dehydration, hypotension, and ototoxicity.
,Nursing Intervention for Electrolyte Imbalance :
ANSWER : Monitor serum electrolyte levels regularly, especially potassium, and
assess for signs of hypokalemia.
Furosemide (Lasix) Patient Education :
ANSWER : Instruct patients to take the medication in the morning to avoid nocturia
and to maintain adequate hydration.
Furosemide (Lasix) Indications for Use :
ANSWER : Prescribed for conditions such as hypertension, heart failure, and renal
impairment.
Furosemide (Lasix) Contraindications :
ANSWER : Should not be used in patients with anuria or hypersensitivity to
sulfonamides.
Furosemide (Lasix) Monitoring Parameters :
ANSWER : Assess blood pressure, weight, and renal function before and during
treatment.
Furosemide (Lasix) Signs of Ototoxicity :
ANSWER : Inform patients to report any ringing in the ears or hearing loss.
Furosemide (Lasix) Dietary Considerations :
ANSWER : Encourage a diet rich in potassium if not contraindicated, as the
medication can cause potassium loss.
, Metoprolol :
ANSWER : A medication primarily used to treat high blood pressure and heart-related
conditions by blocking beta-adrenergic receptors.
Beta-blocker (general definition) :
ANSWER : A class of medications that reduce blood pressure and heart rate by
blocking the effects of adrenaline on the heart.
What is hypertension? :
ANSWER : A condition characterized by consistently elevated blood pressure, which
can lead to serious health issues.
Metoprolol Side effects :
ANSWER : Unintended effects can include fatigue, dizziness, HA, weakness, cold
hands/feet, stomach pain, diarrhea and bradycardia
What is bradycardia? :
ANSWER : An abnormally slow heart rate, which can occur as a side effect of beta-
blockers like metoprolol.
Metoprolol Nursing intervention :
ANSWER : Actions taken by nurses to improve patient outcomes, such as monitoring
vital signs and educating patients about medication adherence.
Metoprolol Patient education :
ANSWER : Providing information to patients about their medications, including how
to take them (exactly as directed) and potential side effects. No not stop suddenly,
tapering off required.
