Oceanography Final Exam
What is the driving force behind continental drift? - CORRECT ANSWER-
Convection in the Earth's mantle
Who proposed the idea of continental drift? - CORRECT ANSWER-Alfred Wegener
and Frank B. Taylor
What type of lithosphere is created at a divergent plate boundary? - CORRECT
ANSWER-Oceanic crust
Lava that cools rapidly on the ocean floor - CORRECT ANSWER-Pillow basalt
Substance that precipitates from hydrothermal vent waters; accumulate as dark
clouds and accumulate in the form of conical chimneys - CORRECT ANSWER-
Black smoker
What is an example of a divergent plate boundary? - CORRECT ANSWER-Mid-
Atlantic Ridge
What happens to the age of the ocean floor, the depth, and the heat flow from the
mantle as you move away from a mid-ocean ridge? - CORRECT ANSWER-Age
increases, depth increases, heat flow from mantle decreases
How fast is the spreading rate of the East Pacific Rise compared to the Mid-
Atlantic Ridge? - CORRECT ANSWER-Almost ten times faster
How does an island arc form? - CORRECT ANSWER-Melting of subducting plates
Where does an oceanic trench develop? - CORRECT ANSWER-Where two
colliding plates meet
What are two examples of oceanic-oceanic convergent plate boundaries? -
CORRECT ANSWER-Aleutian Islands, Japan
What two metals increase the density of the oceanic plate? - CORRECT ANSWER-
Iron and magnesium
What percent of the Earth's surface is covered by oceans? - CORRECT ANSWER-
71%
What are the two most abundant gases in the atmosphere? What is the
percentage of each by volume? - CORRECT ANSWER-78% nitrogen, 21% oxygen
, Water moves from surface of Earth into ground - CORRECT ANSWER-Infiltration
What is the 2nd largest reservoir in the hydrosphere, and where is it located? -
CORRECT ANSWER-Glacial ice, Antarctica, Greenland
Mostly granitic, thicker and less dense - CORRECT ANSWER-Continental crust
Mostly basalt, is thinner and denser - CORRECT ANSWER-Oceanic crust
Movement of the seafloor away from a mid-ocean ridge - CORRECT ANSWER-
Seafloor spreading
How does a continental arc form? - CORRECT ANSWER-Volcanic activity and
subduction
What are two examples of an oceanic-continental convergent plate boundary? -
CORRECT ANSWER-Andes Mountains, Cascades
What is an example of a continental-continental convergent plate boundary? -
CORRECT ANSWER-Himalayas
What is an example of a transform plate boundary? - CORRECT ANSWER-San
Andreas Fault
Which types of plate boundaries are associated with earthquakes? - CORRECT
ANSWER-All of them
What type of plate boundaries are not associated with volcanoes? - CORRECT
ANSWER-Transform plate boundary, continental-continental convergent plate
boundary
In any sample of seawater, from anywhere in the world, what % of the salt
accounts for sodium chloride? - CORRECT ANSWER-86%
What is the principle component of most beach sand? - CORRECT ANSWER-
Quartz
Which organisms are silica-based? - CORRECT ANSWER-Diatoms and
radiolarians
Which organisms are calcium carbonate-based? - CORRECT ANSWER-
Coccolithophores and foraminifera
What is the driving force behind continental drift? - CORRECT ANSWER-
Convection in the Earth's mantle
Who proposed the idea of continental drift? - CORRECT ANSWER-Alfred Wegener
and Frank B. Taylor
What type of lithosphere is created at a divergent plate boundary? - CORRECT
ANSWER-Oceanic crust
Lava that cools rapidly on the ocean floor - CORRECT ANSWER-Pillow basalt
Substance that precipitates from hydrothermal vent waters; accumulate as dark
clouds and accumulate in the form of conical chimneys - CORRECT ANSWER-
Black smoker
What is an example of a divergent plate boundary? - CORRECT ANSWER-Mid-
Atlantic Ridge
What happens to the age of the ocean floor, the depth, and the heat flow from the
mantle as you move away from a mid-ocean ridge? - CORRECT ANSWER-Age
increases, depth increases, heat flow from mantle decreases
How fast is the spreading rate of the East Pacific Rise compared to the Mid-
Atlantic Ridge? - CORRECT ANSWER-Almost ten times faster
How does an island arc form? - CORRECT ANSWER-Melting of subducting plates
Where does an oceanic trench develop? - CORRECT ANSWER-Where two
colliding plates meet
What are two examples of oceanic-oceanic convergent plate boundaries? -
CORRECT ANSWER-Aleutian Islands, Japan
What two metals increase the density of the oceanic plate? - CORRECT ANSWER-
Iron and magnesium
What percent of the Earth's surface is covered by oceans? - CORRECT ANSWER-
71%
What are the two most abundant gases in the atmosphere? What is the
percentage of each by volume? - CORRECT ANSWER-78% nitrogen, 21% oxygen
, Water moves from surface of Earth into ground - CORRECT ANSWER-Infiltration
What is the 2nd largest reservoir in the hydrosphere, and where is it located? -
CORRECT ANSWER-Glacial ice, Antarctica, Greenland
Mostly granitic, thicker and less dense - CORRECT ANSWER-Continental crust
Mostly basalt, is thinner and denser - CORRECT ANSWER-Oceanic crust
Movement of the seafloor away from a mid-ocean ridge - CORRECT ANSWER-
Seafloor spreading
How does a continental arc form? - CORRECT ANSWER-Volcanic activity and
subduction
What are two examples of an oceanic-continental convergent plate boundary? -
CORRECT ANSWER-Andes Mountains, Cascades
What is an example of a continental-continental convergent plate boundary? -
CORRECT ANSWER-Himalayas
What is an example of a transform plate boundary? - CORRECT ANSWER-San
Andreas Fault
Which types of plate boundaries are associated with earthquakes? - CORRECT
ANSWER-All of them
What type of plate boundaries are not associated with volcanoes? - CORRECT
ANSWER-Transform plate boundary, continental-continental convergent plate
boundary
In any sample of seawater, from anywhere in the world, what % of the salt
accounts for sodium chloride? - CORRECT ANSWER-86%
What is the principle component of most beach sand? - CORRECT ANSWER-
Quartz
Which organisms are silica-based? - CORRECT ANSWER-Diatoms and
radiolarians
Which organisms are calcium carbonate-based? - CORRECT ANSWER-
Coccolithophores and foraminifera
