NURS 3366 PATHOPHYSIOLOGY TEST 2 QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS
Innate (natural) resistance - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅defense mechanisms we are born with.
1st line of resistance - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅body's physical barriers; immediate and non-specific
2nd line of resistance - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅inflammation; immediate and non-specific
Acquired (adaptive) immunity - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅3RD line of defense; delayed and specific; able to
resist certain diseases or conditions due to immunocyte involvement
First line of defense - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅skin and mucous membranes
Stressors that can breach skin defense - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅lacerations, abrasions, punctures
Eye's defense - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅tears, eyelashes
sressors that can breach eye's defense - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅dry eye syndrome, sjogren's syndrome
Sjogren's syndrome - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅autoimmune disease that dries up all lubricating fluids in
the body
respiratory system defenses - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅mucus and hair in nose; cilia of cells in bronchi;
cough reflex
GI system defenses - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅saliva, stomach acid, gag reflex/vomiting, bowels,
defecation
Genitourinary system defenses - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅urine flow, vaginal secretions
, Inflammation - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅second line of defense; state on Innate defense; immediate and
nonspecific
S/S of inflammation - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅swelling, heat, redness and pain
Inflammation Example 1 - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅first line of defense (skin) is breached with a laceration
-->clot formation to stop bleeding-->scab formed to seal breach
Inflammation Example 2 - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅meningitis microbe is inhaled (breaches 1st line of
defense mucous membranes)-->inflammation-->inflammation can't heal on it's own and calls in 3rd line
of defense (immunocyte response)-->acquired immunity
immunocyte response - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅acquired defense; 3rd line of defense; delayed and
specific; results in ACQUIRED IMMUNITY
antigens - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅proteins located on the surface of red blood cells (determine blood
type)
antibodies - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Protein that is produced by lymphocytes and that attaches to a
specific antigen.
T lymphocytes (T cells) - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅defend the body by direct attack against invading
microbes
B lymphocytes (B cells) - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅differentiate into plasma cells that produce antibodies
to the microbe that has attacked the body
active acquired immunity - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅a form of immunity where the body makes
antibodies against a particular disease
ANSWERS
Innate (natural) resistance - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅defense mechanisms we are born with.
1st line of resistance - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅body's physical barriers; immediate and non-specific
2nd line of resistance - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅inflammation; immediate and non-specific
Acquired (adaptive) immunity - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅3RD line of defense; delayed and specific; able to
resist certain diseases or conditions due to immunocyte involvement
First line of defense - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅skin and mucous membranes
Stressors that can breach skin defense - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅lacerations, abrasions, punctures
Eye's defense - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅tears, eyelashes
sressors that can breach eye's defense - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅dry eye syndrome, sjogren's syndrome
Sjogren's syndrome - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅autoimmune disease that dries up all lubricating fluids in
the body
respiratory system defenses - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅mucus and hair in nose; cilia of cells in bronchi;
cough reflex
GI system defenses - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅saliva, stomach acid, gag reflex/vomiting, bowels,
defecation
Genitourinary system defenses - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅urine flow, vaginal secretions
, Inflammation - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅second line of defense; state on Innate defense; immediate and
nonspecific
S/S of inflammation - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅swelling, heat, redness and pain
Inflammation Example 1 - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅first line of defense (skin) is breached with a laceration
-->clot formation to stop bleeding-->scab formed to seal breach
Inflammation Example 2 - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅meningitis microbe is inhaled (breaches 1st line of
defense mucous membranes)-->inflammation-->inflammation can't heal on it's own and calls in 3rd line
of defense (immunocyte response)-->acquired immunity
immunocyte response - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅acquired defense; 3rd line of defense; delayed and
specific; results in ACQUIRED IMMUNITY
antigens - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅proteins located on the surface of red blood cells (determine blood
type)
antibodies - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Protein that is produced by lymphocytes and that attaches to a
specific antigen.
T lymphocytes (T cells) - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅defend the body by direct attack against invading
microbes
B lymphocytes (B cells) - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅differentiate into plasma cells that produce antibodies
to the microbe that has attacked the body
active acquired immunity - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅a form of immunity where the body makes
antibodies against a particular disease
