CREST CPSA FINAL EXAM REVIEW 2026 FULLY
SOLVED PHYSICAL PENETRATION TESTING
QUESTIONS GRADED A+
◉ Name all TCP/IP layers. Answer: Application, Transport, internet,
Network Access.
◉ Name Four TCP head flags. Answer: ACK, FIN, SYN, URG, PSH,
RST
◉ Which layer does HTTP protocl reside in the OSI model. Answer:
Layer 7, Application.
◉ Which layer does Ethernet reside in the OSI model. Answer: Layer 2,
Data link.
◉ Which Layer does IPv4 & IPv6 reside in TCP/IP model. Answer:
Layer 4, transport.
◉ RFC 1918 addresses. Answer: 10.0.0.0 - 10.255.255.255 (10/8 prefix)
172.16.0.0 - 172.31.255.255 (172.16/12 prefix)
192.168.0.0 - 192.168.255.255 (192.168/16 prefix)
,◉ Name the well know, registered and dynamic port ranges. Answer:
Well Known(0-1023), Registed(1024-49,151) & Dynamic(49,152-
65,535)
◉ What is an ephemeral port? Answer: An ephemeral port is a short-
lived transport protocol port for Internet Protocol (IP) communications.
Can be used by both TCP & UDP.
◉ What does IANA stand for? Answer: Internet Assigned Numbers
Authority
◉ Name 10 common ports and there protocols. Answer: FTP21, SSH22,
DHCP67(C), DHCP68(S), NTP123, MYSQL3306, RDP3389, HTTP80,
HTTPS443, SMB445, KERBEROS88, CHARGEN19(UDP), DNS53,
TACAS49, WHOIS43, MSSQL1433, HIDDEN MSSQL2433.
◉ Name five network types. Answer: LAN, WAN, MAN, VLAN,
WLAN, PAN.
◉ Name five network topologies. Answer: Mesh, Ring, star, Tree, Bus.
◉ Name five common ethernet and FDDI cable types. Answer:
100Base5, 10Base2, 10BaseT, 100Base-FL, 1000Base-T.
, ◉ What is WIFI the alias for? Answer: IEEE 802.11
◉ What does VLAN stand for? Answer: Virtual Local Area Network
◉ How does VLAN work? Answer: Virtual Local Area Networks
(VLANs) separate an existing physical network into multiple logical
networks.
Thus, each VLAN creates its own broadcast domain. Communication
between two VLANs can only occur through a router that is connected
to both.
◉ Name five common ICMP types. Answer: 8-echo, 0-echo reply, 30-
trace route, 5-redirect, 3-destination unreachable, 11, time execeed.
◉ What does ICMP stand for? Answer: Internet Control Message
Protocol
◉ What does TTL stand for? Answer: Time to Live
◉ What is TTL? Answer: TTL is a hop count system, and each router
decreases the TTL by 1. Upon reaching 0, the packet is dropped. This
way you don't have packets not reaching their destination and clogging
the network.
SOLVED PHYSICAL PENETRATION TESTING
QUESTIONS GRADED A+
◉ Name all TCP/IP layers. Answer: Application, Transport, internet,
Network Access.
◉ Name Four TCP head flags. Answer: ACK, FIN, SYN, URG, PSH,
RST
◉ Which layer does HTTP protocl reside in the OSI model. Answer:
Layer 7, Application.
◉ Which layer does Ethernet reside in the OSI model. Answer: Layer 2,
Data link.
◉ Which Layer does IPv4 & IPv6 reside in TCP/IP model. Answer:
Layer 4, transport.
◉ RFC 1918 addresses. Answer: 10.0.0.0 - 10.255.255.255 (10/8 prefix)
172.16.0.0 - 172.31.255.255 (172.16/12 prefix)
192.168.0.0 - 192.168.255.255 (192.168/16 prefix)
,◉ Name the well know, registered and dynamic port ranges. Answer:
Well Known(0-1023), Registed(1024-49,151) & Dynamic(49,152-
65,535)
◉ What is an ephemeral port? Answer: An ephemeral port is a short-
lived transport protocol port for Internet Protocol (IP) communications.
Can be used by both TCP & UDP.
◉ What does IANA stand for? Answer: Internet Assigned Numbers
Authority
◉ Name 10 common ports and there protocols. Answer: FTP21, SSH22,
DHCP67(C), DHCP68(S), NTP123, MYSQL3306, RDP3389, HTTP80,
HTTPS443, SMB445, KERBEROS88, CHARGEN19(UDP), DNS53,
TACAS49, WHOIS43, MSSQL1433, HIDDEN MSSQL2433.
◉ Name five network types. Answer: LAN, WAN, MAN, VLAN,
WLAN, PAN.
◉ Name five network topologies. Answer: Mesh, Ring, star, Tree, Bus.
◉ Name five common ethernet and FDDI cable types. Answer:
100Base5, 10Base2, 10BaseT, 100Base-FL, 1000Base-T.
, ◉ What is WIFI the alias for? Answer: IEEE 802.11
◉ What does VLAN stand for? Answer: Virtual Local Area Network
◉ How does VLAN work? Answer: Virtual Local Area Networks
(VLANs) separate an existing physical network into multiple logical
networks.
Thus, each VLAN creates its own broadcast domain. Communication
between two VLANs can only occur through a router that is connected
to both.
◉ Name five common ICMP types. Answer: 8-echo, 0-echo reply, 30-
trace route, 5-redirect, 3-destination unreachable, 11, time execeed.
◉ What does ICMP stand for? Answer: Internet Control Message
Protocol
◉ What does TTL stand for? Answer: Time to Live
◉ What is TTL? Answer: TTL is a hop count system, and each router
decreases the TTL by 1. Upon reaching 0, the packet is dropped. This
way you don't have packets not reaching their destination and clogging
the network.
