Paramedic Prep Final Exam GUARANTEED PASS !!
Homeostasis - (ANSWER)-A state of equilibrium in the body with respect to functions and
composition of fluid and tissue
Preload - (ANSWER)1. Amount of blood in ventricles prior to systole
2. The greater the preload, the stronger the contractions.
Afterload - (ANSWER)1. The pressure in the arterial system during diastole
2. If Afterload increases, heart works harder
3. If Afterload drops, perfusion and coronary artery filling decreases.
Starlings Law - (ANSWER)-The greater the preload, the stronger the contractions.
Cardiac Output - (ANSWER)Cardiac output = stroke volume x heart rate
Stroke Volume - (ANSWER)Amount of blood ejected with each contraction
BP - (ANSWER)Blood pressure = cardiac output x systemic vascular resistance (BP=COxSVR)
Blood pressure= Stroke volume x heart rate x systemic vascular resistance (BP=SVxHRxSVR)
Precapillary and post capillary Sphincter - (ANSWER)-Control blood flow in and out of
capillaries
1. Stagnant phase-precapillary sphincter relax, post capillary sphincter remains closed
2. Washout phase-pre and post capillary sphincters relax
How much blood is in the human body? - (ANSWER)5.5-6 liters
What is the Fick Principle? - (ANSWER)*4 elements must exist for perfusion to take place
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, 1. Adequate O2 in the alveoli
2. Adequate O2 exchange in the pulmonary capillaries
3. Adequate circulation (RBC's and perfusion pressure)
4. Adequate O2 exchange into the tissues
What is the problem with the Fick Principle? - (ANSWER)1. Adequate O2 exchange in the
alveoli
-CO poisoning, airway obstruction, shallow respirations
2. Adequate pulmonary exchange of O2
-Pulmonary edema, emphysema, hemo/pneumothorax
3. Adequate circulation (RBC's and perfusion pressure)
-Hemhorrage, anemia, shock of any kind
4. Tissue exchange of oxygen
- Tissue edema
What is shock? - (ANSWER)-Widespread inadequate tissue perfusion
What are the stages of shock? - (ANSWER)1. Compensated-able to maintain BP
-Ischemic phase
2. Uncompensated/decompensated-Unable to maintain BP
-Stagnant phase
3. Irreversible-Cells destroyed/unable to respond
-Washout
Where are Baroreceptors located?
What do they do? - (ANSWER)-Cartoid sinuse and aortic arch
-Low pressure is detected, impulses are sent to the brain, decreasing vagal, increasing
sympathetic stimulation
-HEART RATE and SV are increased
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Homeostasis - (ANSWER)-A state of equilibrium in the body with respect to functions and
composition of fluid and tissue
Preload - (ANSWER)1. Amount of blood in ventricles prior to systole
2. The greater the preload, the stronger the contractions.
Afterload - (ANSWER)1. The pressure in the arterial system during diastole
2. If Afterload increases, heart works harder
3. If Afterload drops, perfusion and coronary artery filling decreases.
Starlings Law - (ANSWER)-The greater the preload, the stronger the contractions.
Cardiac Output - (ANSWER)Cardiac output = stroke volume x heart rate
Stroke Volume - (ANSWER)Amount of blood ejected with each contraction
BP - (ANSWER)Blood pressure = cardiac output x systemic vascular resistance (BP=COxSVR)
Blood pressure= Stroke volume x heart rate x systemic vascular resistance (BP=SVxHRxSVR)
Precapillary and post capillary Sphincter - (ANSWER)-Control blood flow in and out of
capillaries
1. Stagnant phase-precapillary sphincter relax, post capillary sphincter remains closed
2. Washout phase-pre and post capillary sphincters relax
How much blood is in the human body? - (ANSWER)5.5-6 liters
What is the Fick Principle? - (ANSWER)*4 elements must exist for perfusion to take place
Page 1 of 7
, 1. Adequate O2 in the alveoli
2. Adequate O2 exchange in the pulmonary capillaries
3. Adequate circulation (RBC's and perfusion pressure)
4. Adequate O2 exchange into the tissues
What is the problem with the Fick Principle? - (ANSWER)1. Adequate O2 exchange in the
alveoli
-CO poisoning, airway obstruction, shallow respirations
2. Adequate pulmonary exchange of O2
-Pulmonary edema, emphysema, hemo/pneumothorax
3. Adequate circulation (RBC's and perfusion pressure)
-Hemhorrage, anemia, shock of any kind
4. Tissue exchange of oxygen
- Tissue edema
What is shock? - (ANSWER)-Widespread inadequate tissue perfusion
What are the stages of shock? - (ANSWER)1. Compensated-able to maintain BP
-Ischemic phase
2. Uncompensated/decompensated-Unable to maintain BP
-Stagnant phase
3. Irreversible-Cells destroyed/unable to respond
-Washout
Where are Baroreceptors located?
What do they do? - (ANSWER)-Cartoid sinuse and aortic arch
-Low pressure is detected, impulses are sent to the brain, decreasing vagal, increasing
sympathetic stimulation
-HEART RATE and SV are increased
Page 2 of 7
