PROGRESSIVE RENAL EDUCATION PROGRAM
EXAM STUDY GUIDE 2026
◉ If your friend asked you to explain the process of filtration, your
explanation would likely include all of the following except. Answer:
The glomerulus pushes blood cells and proteins into the glomerular
capsule
Not
Blood enter the nephron through the glomerulus
The filtrate flows into the proximal convoluted tubule
Blood pressure forces blood against a specialized layer of cells that
surrounds the capillaries
◉ If your friend asked you to explain how the structures of the
kidneys are involved in the processes of filtration, reabsorption, and
secretion, which of the following would you most likely say?.
Answer: Filtration, reabsorption, and secretion all occur in the renal
pyramids
◉ If your friend asked you to explain the renal pyramids, your
explanation would likely include all of the following points except.
Answer: They are conical masses located within the cortex of the
kidneys
,Not
They narrow into apices as they converge toward the renal pelvis
Most of their mass is nephrons
They are conical masses located within the medulla of the kidneys
◉ If your friend just completed a marathon and was dehydrated,
how would you explain to this friend what his or her body would do
to maintain osmolarity?.. Answer: The hypothalamus would detect
decreased water concentration in the blood and stimulate the
pituitary gland to release more antidiuretic hormone
◉ If your friend was concerned that his or her urine was darker than
normal, you might ease your friend's mind by explaining all of the
following except. Answer: Excess hydration can result in darker
urine.
Not
Excessive sweating can result in darker urine
Certain foods can result in darker urine
Dehydration can result in darker urine
◉ If your instructor asked you to do an oral report on the functions
of the kidney's structures, which of the following would you most
,likely say?. Answer: The renal pelvis functions as an excretory
channel for the kidney, funneling urine from the kidney into the
ureters.
◉ If your instructor asked you to explain the role of antidiuretic
hormone in the urinary system, which of the following points would
you likely make?. Answer: Antidiuretic hormone stimulates
increases water reabsorption by the kidneys.
◉ If your instructor asked you to explain the ureters to your peers,
you would likely make all of the following points except. Answer:
The ureters convey urine from the bladder out of the body.
Not
The ureteral orifices, along with the internal urethral orifice, make
up the trigone of the bladder
The ureters enter the bladder through slitlike openings in the
posterolateral bladder floor
The ureters are thick-walled, narrow tubes
◉ If your instructor asked you to explain what prevents proteins and
blood cells from going through the filtration membrane, which of the
following would you most likely say?. Answer: Proteins and blood
cells are too large to fit through the pores in the filtration membrane
, ◉ If your instructor asked you to identify the principle functions of
nephrons, you would most likely identify all of the following except.
Answer: Decomposition
Not
Secretion
Reabsorption
Filtration
◉ If your instructor asked you to indicate the path urine takes
through the urinary system before it is excreted, which of the
following lists the structures in the correct order. Answer: Kidneys,
ureters, bladder, urethra
◉ If your instructor asked you to outline the path through which
plasma is filtered into urine through the nephron, which of the
following would you identify as the correct path?. Answer:
Capillaries, glomerular capsule, proximal convoluted tubule,
nephron loop, distal convoluted tubule, collecting duct, ureter
◉ If your instructor asked you to trace the process of urine
formation, which of the following identifies the steps in the correct
order?. Answer: Glomerular filtration occurs first and then
reabsorption and secretion occur simultaneously
EXAM STUDY GUIDE 2026
◉ If your friend asked you to explain the process of filtration, your
explanation would likely include all of the following except. Answer:
The glomerulus pushes blood cells and proteins into the glomerular
capsule
Not
Blood enter the nephron through the glomerulus
The filtrate flows into the proximal convoluted tubule
Blood pressure forces blood against a specialized layer of cells that
surrounds the capillaries
◉ If your friend asked you to explain how the structures of the
kidneys are involved in the processes of filtration, reabsorption, and
secretion, which of the following would you most likely say?.
Answer: Filtration, reabsorption, and secretion all occur in the renal
pyramids
◉ If your friend asked you to explain the renal pyramids, your
explanation would likely include all of the following points except.
Answer: They are conical masses located within the cortex of the
kidneys
,Not
They narrow into apices as they converge toward the renal pelvis
Most of their mass is nephrons
They are conical masses located within the medulla of the kidneys
◉ If your friend just completed a marathon and was dehydrated,
how would you explain to this friend what his or her body would do
to maintain osmolarity?.. Answer: The hypothalamus would detect
decreased water concentration in the blood and stimulate the
pituitary gland to release more antidiuretic hormone
◉ If your friend was concerned that his or her urine was darker than
normal, you might ease your friend's mind by explaining all of the
following except. Answer: Excess hydration can result in darker
urine.
Not
Excessive sweating can result in darker urine
Certain foods can result in darker urine
Dehydration can result in darker urine
◉ If your instructor asked you to do an oral report on the functions
of the kidney's structures, which of the following would you most
,likely say?. Answer: The renal pelvis functions as an excretory
channel for the kidney, funneling urine from the kidney into the
ureters.
◉ If your instructor asked you to explain the role of antidiuretic
hormone in the urinary system, which of the following points would
you likely make?. Answer: Antidiuretic hormone stimulates
increases water reabsorption by the kidneys.
◉ If your instructor asked you to explain the ureters to your peers,
you would likely make all of the following points except. Answer:
The ureters convey urine from the bladder out of the body.
Not
The ureteral orifices, along with the internal urethral orifice, make
up the trigone of the bladder
The ureters enter the bladder through slitlike openings in the
posterolateral bladder floor
The ureters are thick-walled, narrow tubes
◉ If your instructor asked you to explain what prevents proteins and
blood cells from going through the filtration membrane, which of the
following would you most likely say?. Answer: Proteins and blood
cells are too large to fit through the pores in the filtration membrane
, ◉ If your instructor asked you to identify the principle functions of
nephrons, you would most likely identify all of the following except.
Answer: Decomposition
Not
Secretion
Reabsorption
Filtration
◉ If your instructor asked you to indicate the path urine takes
through the urinary system before it is excreted, which of the
following lists the structures in the correct order. Answer: Kidneys,
ureters, bladder, urethra
◉ If your instructor asked you to outline the path through which
plasma is filtered into urine through the nephron, which of the
following would you identify as the correct path?. Answer:
Capillaries, glomerular capsule, proximal convoluted tubule,
nephron loop, distal convoluted tubule, collecting duct, ureter
◉ If your instructor asked you to trace the process of urine
formation, which of the following identifies the steps in the correct
order?. Answer: Glomerular filtration occurs first and then
reabsorption and secretion occur simultaneously
