PROGRESSIVE RENAL EDUCATION PROGRAM
EXAM SCRIPT 2026 COMPREHENSIVE
◉ Which of the following causes the majority of UTI's in hospitalized
patients?
A. Lack of fluid intake
B. Inadequate perineal care
C. Invasive procedures
D. Immunosuppression. Answer: C. Invasive procedures.
Rationale: Invasive procedures such as catheterization can introduce
bacteria into the urinary tract. A lack of fluid intake could cause
concentration of urine, but wouldn't necessarily cause infection.
◉ A patient with diabetes has had many renal calculi over the past
20 years and now has chronic renal failure. Which substance must
be reduced in this patient's diet?
A. Carbohydrates
B. Fats
C. Protein
D. Vitamin C Answer: C. Protein
Rationale: Because of damage to the nephrons, the kidney can't
excrete all the metabolic wastes of protein, so this patient's protein
intake must be restricted. A higher intake of carbs, fats, and vitamin
,supplements is needed to ensure the growth and maintenance of the
patient's tissues.
◉ You're developing a care plan with the nursing diagnosis risk for
infection for your patient that received a kidney transplant. A goal
for this patient is to:
A. Remain afebrile and have negative cultures
B. Resume normal fluid intake within 2 to 3 days
C. Resume the patient's normal job within 2 to 3 weeks
D. Try to discontinue cyclosporine (Neural) as quickly as possible
Answer: A. Remain afebrile and have negative cultures
Rationale: The immunosuppressive activity of cyclosporine places
the patient at risk for infection, and steroids can mask the signs of
infection. The patient may not be able to resume normal fluid intake
or return to work for an extended period of time and the patient
may need cyclosporine therapy for life.
◉ Which criterion is required before a patient can be considered for
continuous peritoneal dialysis?
A. The patient must be hemodynamically stable
B. The vascular access must have healed
C. The patient must be in a home setting
D. Hemodialysis must have failed Answer: A. The patient must be
hemodynamically stable
, Rationale: Hemodynamic stability must be established before
continuous peritoneal dialysis can be started.
◉ You have a patient that is receiving peritoneal dialysis. What
should you do when you notice the return fluid is slowly draining?
A. Check for kinks in the outflow tubing
B. Raise the drainage bag above the level of the abdomen
C. Place the patient in a reverse Trendelenburg position
D. Ask the patient to cough Answer: A. Check for kinks in the outflow
tubing
Rationale: Tubing problems are a common cause of outflow
difficulties, check the tubing for kinks and ensure that all clamps are
open. Other measures include having the patient change positions
(moving side to side or sitting up), applying gentle pressure over the
abdomen, or having a bowel movement
◉ You suspect kidney transplant rejection when the patient shows
which symptoms?
A. Pain in the incision, general malaise, and hypotension
B. Pain in the incision, general malaise, and depression
C. Fever, weight gain, and diminished urine output
D. Diminished urine output and hypotension Answer: C. Fever,
weight gain, and diminished urine output
EXAM SCRIPT 2026 COMPREHENSIVE
◉ Which of the following causes the majority of UTI's in hospitalized
patients?
A. Lack of fluid intake
B. Inadequate perineal care
C. Invasive procedures
D. Immunosuppression. Answer: C. Invasive procedures.
Rationale: Invasive procedures such as catheterization can introduce
bacteria into the urinary tract. A lack of fluid intake could cause
concentration of urine, but wouldn't necessarily cause infection.
◉ A patient with diabetes has had many renal calculi over the past
20 years and now has chronic renal failure. Which substance must
be reduced in this patient's diet?
A. Carbohydrates
B. Fats
C. Protein
D. Vitamin C Answer: C. Protein
Rationale: Because of damage to the nephrons, the kidney can't
excrete all the metabolic wastes of protein, so this patient's protein
intake must be restricted. A higher intake of carbs, fats, and vitamin
,supplements is needed to ensure the growth and maintenance of the
patient's tissues.
◉ You're developing a care plan with the nursing diagnosis risk for
infection for your patient that received a kidney transplant. A goal
for this patient is to:
A. Remain afebrile and have negative cultures
B. Resume normal fluid intake within 2 to 3 days
C. Resume the patient's normal job within 2 to 3 weeks
D. Try to discontinue cyclosporine (Neural) as quickly as possible
Answer: A. Remain afebrile and have negative cultures
Rationale: The immunosuppressive activity of cyclosporine places
the patient at risk for infection, and steroids can mask the signs of
infection. The patient may not be able to resume normal fluid intake
or return to work for an extended period of time and the patient
may need cyclosporine therapy for life.
◉ Which criterion is required before a patient can be considered for
continuous peritoneal dialysis?
A. The patient must be hemodynamically stable
B. The vascular access must have healed
C. The patient must be in a home setting
D. Hemodialysis must have failed Answer: A. The patient must be
hemodynamically stable
, Rationale: Hemodynamic stability must be established before
continuous peritoneal dialysis can be started.
◉ You have a patient that is receiving peritoneal dialysis. What
should you do when you notice the return fluid is slowly draining?
A. Check for kinks in the outflow tubing
B. Raise the drainage bag above the level of the abdomen
C. Place the patient in a reverse Trendelenburg position
D. Ask the patient to cough Answer: A. Check for kinks in the outflow
tubing
Rationale: Tubing problems are a common cause of outflow
difficulties, check the tubing for kinks and ensure that all clamps are
open. Other measures include having the patient change positions
(moving side to side or sitting up), applying gentle pressure over the
abdomen, or having a bowel movement
◉ You suspect kidney transplant rejection when the patient shows
which symptoms?
A. Pain in the incision, general malaise, and hypotension
B. Pain in the incision, general malaise, and depression
C. Fever, weight gain, and diminished urine output
D. Diminished urine output and hypotension Answer: C. Fever,
weight gain, and diminished urine output
