SURGICAL ASSISTING 1 EXAM 2025/2026
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 100% PASS.
Type 1 "Clean" Wounds - ANS 1-5% Risk of infection
Non-traumatic
No Inflammation present
No break in technique
Example: elective groin hernia repair, laproscopic
Type 2 clean-contaminated wounds - ANS 3-11% risk of infection
Non-sterile body region entered under controlled conditions and without unusual
contamination
(GI or Gu tract, biliary tract, respiratory tract, oropharynx)
Minor breaks in technique
Type 3 Contaminated Wound - ANS 10-17% risk of infection
Major break in sterile technique
Gross spillage from gastrointestinal (GI) tract
Infected GI, urinary or biliary tract
Fresh traumatic wound (through unprepped skin)
Type 4 Dirty or Infected wounds - ANS Infection risk: >27%
Wounds associated with perforated viscus; cross clean tissue to drain pus
1 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
,Traumatic wounds with:
Imbedded foreign body
Delayed presentation( > 12-24 hours for face and scalp; > hours elsewhere)
Primary Closure (primary intention) - ANS Wound edges are brought together so that they
are adjacent to each other
Example: Normal surg. incision, well-repaired lacerations, well reduced bone fractures, healing
after flap surgery
Secondary Closure (secondary intention) - ANS Wound is left open, and closes naturally
through granulation
ex. tooth extraction sockets, poorly reduced fractures
tertiary closure. (delayed primary closure). - ANS wound is left open for a number of days and
then closed if it found to be clean
ex. healing of wounds by use of tissue grafts, traumatic wounds
Criteria for suture materials - ANS 1. Tensile strength
2. Good knot security
3. Workability in handling
4. Low tissue reactivity
5. Ability to resist bacterial infection
How are sutures sized? - ANS 3 to 12-0
Numbers without zeros indicate larger sutures, numbers followed by zeros indicate smaller
sutures
Non-absorbable suture are used for what? - ANS Skin repair when wanting removal
Fasica under tension
Vascular (blood vessel) repairs
2 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
, -Nylon
-Prolene
-Stainless steel
-Silk
When is absorbable suture used? - ANS Subcutaneous repair
Intraoral mucosa (including tongue)
Fascia not under tension
-Vicryl
-Monocryl
-PDS
-Chromic
-Cat gut
What are the two different types of suture material? - ANS Monofilament
Multifilament
Monofilament - ANS Single strand of suture material
Minimal tissue trauma
Smooth tying but need more knots needed
Resists harboring organisms
Nylon, monocryl, prolene, PDS
Multifilament (braided) - ANS Fibers are braided or twisted together
More tissue resistance
Easier to handle
Fewer knots needed
Vicryl (braided), silk (braided), chromic (twisted)
3 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 100% PASS.
Type 1 "Clean" Wounds - ANS 1-5% Risk of infection
Non-traumatic
No Inflammation present
No break in technique
Example: elective groin hernia repair, laproscopic
Type 2 clean-contaminated wounds - ANS 3-11% risk of infection
Non-sterile body region entered under controlled conditions and without unusual
contamination
(GI or Gu tract, biliary tract, respiratory tract, oropharynx)
Minor breaks in technique
Type 3 Contaminated Wound - ANS 10-17% risk of infection
Major break in sterile technique
Gross spillage from gastrointestinal (GI) tract
Infected GI, urinary or biliary tract
Fresh traumatic wound (through unprepped skin)
Type 4 Dirty or Infected wounds - ANS Infection risk: >27%
Wounds associated with perforated viscus; cross clean tissue to drain pus
1 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
,Traumatic wounds with:
Imbedded foreign body
Delayed presentation( > 12-24 hours for face and scalp; > hours elsewhere)
Primary Closure (primary intention) - ANS Wound edges are brought together so that they
are adjacent to each other
Example: Normal surg. incision, well-repaired lacerations, well reduced bone fractures, healing
after flap surgery
Secondary Closure (secondary intention) - ANS Wound is left open, and closes naturally
through granulation
ex. tooth extraction sockets, poorly reduced fractures
tertiary closure. (delayed primary closure). - ANS wound is left open for a number of days and
then closed if it found to be clean
ex. healing of wounds by use of tissue grafts, traumatic wounds
Criteria for suture materials - ANS 1. Tensile strength
2. Good knot security
3. Workability in handling
4. Low tissue reactivity
5. Ability to resist bacterial infection
How are sutures sized? - ANS 3 to 12-0
Numbers without zeros indicate larger sutures, numbers followed by zeros indicate smaller
sutures
Non-absorbable suture are used for what? - ANS Skin repair when wanting removal
Fasica under tension
Vascular (blood vessel) repairs
2 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
, -Nylon
-Prolene
-Stainless steel
-Silk
When is absorbable suture used? - ANS Subcutaneous repair
Intraoral mucosa (including tongue)
Fascia not under tension
-Vicryl
-Monocryl
-PDS
-Chromic
-Cat gut
What are the two different types of suture material? - ANS Monofilament
Multifilament
Monofilament - ANS Single strand of suture material
Minimal tissue trauma
Smooth tying but need more knots needed
Resists harboring organisms
Nylon, monocryl, prolene, PDS
Multifilament (braided) - ANS Fibers are braided or twisted together
More tissue resistance
Easier to handle
Fewer knots needed
Vicryl (braided), silk (braided), chromic (twisted)
3 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
