ALTERNATE FORMAT TEST 4 EXAM 2026
STUDY GUIDE WITH PRACTICE QUESTIONS
◉ What does the principle of Justice advocate? Answer: Equality to
all individuals.
◉ What does the principle of Respect for People's Rights and Dignity
entail? Answer: Autonomy and confidentiality.
◉ List three common ethical dilemmas faced by APA members.
Answer: Confidentiality violations, multiple relationships, and issues
of informed consent.
◉ What is confidentiality in the context of therapy? Answer: Keeping
information between client and therapist private.
◉ When is it permissible for a therapist to breach confidentiality?
Answer: In cases of danger to self or others, intention to commit a
crime, suspected abuse, or court orders.
◉ What is the Duty to Warn in psychology? Answer: The obligation
to warn authorities or potential victims if a client poses a danger.
,◉ What was the significance of the Tarasoff case? Answer: It
established the precedent that therapists have a duty to warn
potential victims of threats.
◉ What does the Tarasoff ruling require therapists to do? Answer:
Use reasonable care to warn threatened persons and take necessary
steps to avert danger.
◉ How should psychologists handle confidentiality when the client
is a child? Answer: They should assure the child that not everything
will be shared with parents, except in cases of abuse.
◉ What are dual (multiple) relationships in psychology? Answer:
Relationships with a power differential that can lead to exploitation
or loss of objectivity.
◉ What is the ethical standard regarding resolving ethical issues?
Answer: It involves addressing ethical dilemmas and ensuring
compliance with ethical guidelines.
◉ What ethical standard pertains to competence? Answer:
Psychologists must maintain the necessary skills and knowledge to
provide effective services.
, ◉ What does the ethical standard of human relations cover?
Answer: It addresses interactions with clients and the importance of
maintaining professional boundaries.
◉ What is the ethical standard related to privacy and
confidentiality? Answer: It mandates that psychologists protect
client information and only disclose it under specific circumstances.
◉ What does the ethical standard of education and training entail?
Answer: It requires psychologists to provide appropriate education
and training to clients and trainees.
◉ What is the ethical standard regarding research and publication?
Answer: It emphasizes ethical conduct in research and the
responsible dissemination of findings.
◉ What is the ethical standard related to assessment? Answer: It
ensures that assessments are conducted fairly and accurately,
respecting client rights.
◉ What ethical issues arise when a patient refuses treatment?
Answer: Psychologists must balance respect for client autonomy
with the need for effective treatment.
STUDY GUIDE WITH PRACTICE QUESTIONS
◉ What does the principle of Justice advocate? Answer: Equality to
all individuals.
◉ What does the principle of Respect for People's Rights and Dignity
entail? Answer: Autonomy and confidentiality.
◉ List three common ethical dilemmas faced by APA members.
Answer: Confidentiality violations, multiple relationships, and issues
of informed consent.
◉ What is confidentiality in the context of therapy? Answer: Keeping
information between client and therapist private.
◉ When is it permissible for a therapist to breach confidentiality?
Answer: In cases of danger to self or others, intention to commit a
crime, suspected abuse, or court orders.
◉ What is the Duty to Warn in psychology? Answer: The obligation
to warn authorities or potential victims if a client poses a danger.
,◉ What was the significance of the Tarasoff case? Answer: It
established the precedent that therapists have a duty to warn
potential victims of threats.
◉ What does the Tarasoff ruling require therapists to do? Answer:
Use reasonable care to warn threatened persons and take necessary
steps to avert danger.
◉ How should psychologists handle confidentiality when the client
is a child? Answer: They should assure the child that not everything
will be shared with parents, except in cases of abuse.
◉ What are dual (multiple) relationships in psychology? Answer:
Relationships with a power differential that can lead to exploitation
or loss of objectivity.
◉ What is the ethical standard regarding resolving ethical issues?
Answer: It involves addressing ethical dilemmas and ensuring
compliance with ethical guidelines.
◉ What ethical standard pertains to competence? Answer:
Psychologists must maintain the necessary skills and knowledge to
provide effective services.
, ◉ What does the ethical standard of human relations cover?
Answer: It addresses interactions with clients and the importance of
maintaining professional boundaries.
◉ What is the ethical standard related to privacy and
confidentiality? Answer: It mandates that psychologists protect
client information and only disclose it under specific circumstances.
◉ What does the ethical standard of education and training entail?
Answer: It requires psychologists to provide appropriate education
and training to clients and trainees.
◉ What is the ethical standard regarding research and publication?
Answer: It emphasizes ethical conduct in research and the
responsible dissemination of findings.
◉ What is the ethical standard related to assessment? Answer: It
ensures that assessments are conducted fairly and accurately,
respecting client rights.
◉ What ethical issues arise when a patient refuses treatment?
Answer: Psychologists must balance respect for client autonomy
with the need for effective treatment.
