MIC 102 MIDTERM 2 QUESTIONS & ANSWERS
pyrimidine - Answers -nucleotide bases with one ring
purine - Answers -nucleotide bases with two rings
3' OH end (5' phosphate group of new nucleotide) - Answers -To which end of the
growing strand are nucleotides added by DNAP?
oriC sequence - Answers -Where does replication begin?
DNA polymerase III - Answers -Polyermase that runs replication 5' to 3'
DNAa - Answers -_______ binds to DNA at oriC sequence and "melts" DNA in order to
open up and expose strands
oriC - Answers -region of DNA that is AT rich
SSBps - Answers -molecules that bind to DNA and hold it open after they have been
"melted" by DNAa
AT bonds - Answers -nucleotide basepairs with 2 hydrogen bonds
CG - Answers -nucleotide basepairs with 3 hydrogen bonds
dnaC - Answers -loading factor for helicase DNAb
dnaB - Answers -helicase that recruits replisome proteins once loaded by dnaC
dnag - Answers -RNA polymerase that makes primers needed to start synthesis
dnaa - Answers -very important protein for controlling initiation; oriC has multiple
binding sites that all need to be filled before cell can initiate
-need to time replication so there's enough ATP and also cell cycle growth
SeqA - Answers -protein that sequesters the origin: keeps replication from happening
by blocking dnaA from binding to newly methlyated strands
-may also associate new origin to spot on cell mebrane
true - Answers -Newly synthesized strands are not methylated immediately and are
hemi-methylated, which causes SeqA to have a high affinity and blocks dnaA binding
site to initiate replication (T/F)
Elongation - Answers -DNAP 3 moves quickly on leading strand and adds bp to 3' end
, RNAase H - Answers -removes RNA primer (made by DNAg) from lagging strand
DNA P1 - Answers -fills in nucleotides on lagging strand between nucleotides
proofreading as it goes
DNA ligase - Answers -fills in gaps between Okazaki fragments
replisome - Answers -protein machinery that controls replication made up of the
proteins
DNA gyrase - Answers -as replisome moves forward, DNA ahead of it turns into
positive super coils and this protein is needed to unwind and untangle the chromosome
ciproflaxin - Answers -broad spectrum antibiotic that targets DNA gryase
Tus, DnaB - Answers -_______ protein binds to the ter sequence and causes
termination by inhibiting _____
exonuclease - Answers -DNA P 3 has ____ activity that allows it to proofread bases
and remove mismatches
mismatch repair system, muts, mutl, muth, muth, Pol III - Answers -In the _____, _____
binds at mismatched sites and _____ and _____ are recruited. They move across the
DNA until they hit a hemi-methylated GATC site. Then ____ cuts the new non-
methylated strand and chews away until it hits the mismatch. _____ comes and fills the
nts back in.
Muk - Answers -_____ proteins bind distant DNA sequences and pull them back
together using ATP
rnap, 5, sigma - Answers -____ enzyme has _____ subunits and requires a ___ factor
to initiate transcription
archaea - Answers -____ rnap has up to 14 subunits and looks much more similar to
eukaryotic rnap
sigma factor - Answers -bacterial transcription factor that enables binding of RNAP to
gene promoters, each type has different favored sequence that gives specificity to
RNAP
initiation, sigma factor, RNAP - Answers -in ____, ______ binds to ______ allowing it to
recognize the promoter sequence
transcription - Answers -____ will start and fail several times before RNAP can escape
the promoter sequence and drop the sigma factor to begin elongation
pyrimidine - Answers -nucleotide bases with one ring
purine - Answers -nucleotide bases with two rings
3' OH end (5' phosphate group of new nucleotide) - Answers -To which end of the
growing strand are nucleotides added by DNAP?
oriC sequence - Answers -Where does replication begin?
DNA polymerase III - Answers -Polyermase that runs replication 5' to 3'
DNAa - Answers -_______ binds to DNA at oriC sequence and "melts" DNA in order to
open up and expose strands
oriC - Answers -region of DNA that is AT rich
SSBps - Answers -molecules that bind to DNA and hold it open after they have been
"melted" by DNAa
AT bonds - Answers -nucleotide basepairs with 2 hydrogen bonds
CG - Answers -nucleotide basepairs with 3 hydrogen bonds
dnaC - Answers -loading factor for helicase DNAb
dnaB - Answers -helicase that recruits replisome proteins once loaded by dnaC
dnag - Answers -RNA polymerase that makes primers needed to start synthesis
dnaa - Answers -very important protein for controlling initiation; oriC has multiple
binding sites that all need to be filled before cell can initiate
-need to time replication so there's enough ATP and also cell cycle growth
SeqA - Answers -protein that sequesters the origin: keeps replication from happening
by blocking dnaA from binding to newly methlyated strands
-may also associate new origin to spot on cell mebrane
true - Answers -Newly synthesized strands are not methylated immediately and are
hemi-methylated, which causes SeqA to have a high affinity and blocks dnaA binding
site to initiate replication (T/F)
Elongation - Answers -DNAP 3 moves quickly on leading strand and adds bp to 3' end
, RNAase H - Answers -removes RNA primer (made by DNAg) from lagging strand
DNA P1 - Answers -fills in nucleotides on lagging strand between nucleotides
proofreading as it goes
DNA ligase - Answers -fills in gaps between Okazaki fragments
replisome - Answers -protein machinery that controls replication made up of the
proteins
DNA gyrase - Answers -as replisome moves forward, DNA ahead of it turns into
positive super coils and this protein is needed to unwind and untangle the chromosome
ciproflaxin - Answers -broad spectrum antibiotic that targets DNA gryase
Tus, DnaB - Answers -_______ protein binds to the ter sequence and causes
termination by inhibiting _____
exonuclease - Answers -DNA P 3 has ____ activity that allows it to proofread bases
and remove mismatches
mismatch repair system, muts, mutl, muth, muth, Pol III - Answers -In the _____, _____
binds at mismatched sites and _____ and _____ are recruited. They move across the
DNA until they hit a hemi-methylated GATC site. Then ____ cuts the new non-
methylated strand and chews away until it hits the mismatch. _____ comes and fills the
nts back in.
Muk - Answers -_____ proteins bind distant DNA sequences and pull them back
together using ATP
rnap, 5, sigma - Answers -____ enzyme has _____ subunits and requires a ___ factor
to initiate transcription
archaea - Answers -____ rnap has up to 14 subunits and looks much more similar to
eukaryotic rnap
sigma factor - Answers -bacterial transcription factor that enables binding of RNAP to
gene promoters, each type has different favored sequence that gives specificity to
RNAP
initiation, sigma factor, RNAP - Answers -in ____, ______ binds to ______ allowing it to
recognize the promoter sequence
transcription - Answers -____ will start and fail several times before RNAP can escape
the promoter sequence and drop the sigma factor to begin elongation
