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Med Surge Ch. 31: Cardiac Disorders NCLEX QuestionsA patient with heart failure has an ejection fraction of 25%. What does this information indicate to the nurse about the patient's health status? 1. Ventricular function is severely impaired 2. Cardiac output is greater than normal, which overtaxes the heart 3. The amount of blood being ejected from the ventricles is within normal limits 4. Twenty-five percent of the blood entering the ventricle remains in the ventricle after systole - co...

NCLEX - Cardiovascular (UWorld)Chronic Venous Insufficiency (CVI) - correct answer Occurs when the valves in the veins of the lower extremities consistently fail to keep venous blood moving forward, which causes chronic increased venous pressure. The increased pressure pushes fluid out of the vascular space and into the surrounding tissues, where tissue enzymes break down red blood cells. The destruction of red blood cells releases hemosiderin (a reddish brown protein that sores iron) which cau...

NCLEX - PN Review - CARDIOVASCULARthe nurse is assigned to assist with caring for a client after cardiac catheterization. the nurse should plan to maintain bed rest for this client in which position? a) high-Fowler's position b) lateral (side-lying) position c) head elevation of 45 degrees d) head elevation of no more than 30 degrees - correct answer d) head elevated of no more than 30 degrees rationale after cardiac catheterization, the extremity into which the catheter was...

NCLEX: Cardiac DisordersCardiac Disorders NCLEX Tips - correct answer Stay with the client when the client is experiencing chest pain. The head of the bed is elevated for a client with a cardiac disorder. Vital signs are monitored and the apical heart rate counted for 1 full minute. Assist the client in identifying risk factors that can be modified and help the client set goals that will promote the necessary lifestyle changes. The client must be instructed in the use of prescribed medicatio...

NCLEX Cardiac DysrhythmiasSinus rhythm Normal heart rhythm Between 60-100bpm Normal PQRST Sinus bradycardia A sinus rhythm with a rate of less than 60 bpm Normal PQRST Brainpower Read More Sinus bradycardia treatment Withhold causative meds (eg., amiodarone, beta blockers, calcium channel blockers, etc) Administer oxygen Administer atropine 0.5mg IV (given every 3-5 minutes for a maximum dose of 3mg) No improvement = prepare for transcutaneous or transvenous te...

NCLEX Cardiac MedicationsACE inhibitors - correct answer -pril: (May cause decreased taste sensation) - HTN, HF. -S/E: angioedema, cough, hypotension, hyperkalemia, hepatotoxicity, neutropenia, agranulocytosis, pancreatitis, SJS. Avoid foods high in K - Contra: pregnancy. - Nursing: empty stomach, monitor for infection, dry cough, use contraception (teratogenic), avoid sports drinks/salt substitutes (extra K) Beta Blockers - correct answer -LOL ↓BP (Anti-HTN) and ↓HR Med...

NCLEX: CardiacWhat are coumadin and heparin used for? - correct answer To inhibit thrombus and clot formation. What is the necessary lab value to evaluate while a patient is on heparin? What is the normal value? - correct answer PTT. Normal= 30 sec. If on anticoagulants it should be between 1 1/2 to 2 1/2 x the normal value. For PTT= 45-75 sec. What is the antidote for heparin? - correct answer Protamine Sulfate What should you do if the PTT value is 80 for someone on heparin? - correct...

NCLEX Cardiacwhat is preload? - correct answer the amount of blood returning to the right side of the heart and the muscle stretch that the volume causes what is released when the heart muscle stretches because of preload? - correct answer ANP (atrial natriuretic peptide) what is afterload? - correct answer the pressure in the aorta and peripheral arteries that the left ventricle has to pump against to get the blood out what is stroke volume? - correct answer the amount of blood pumped ...

NCLEX: Cardiovascular DrugsWhat are side effects of Anticoagulant medications? - correct answer hemorrhage hematuria epistaxis ecchymosis bleeding gums thrombocytopenia hypotension what is Heparin Sodium and what is its therapeutic use? - correct answer prevents thrombin from converting fibrinogen to fibrin its purpose is not to dissolve clots, rather prevent new thrombus formation if client receiving continuous heparin infusion, activated partial thromboplastin time ...

NCLEX: Inflammatory & Structural Heart DisordersAssessment of an IV cocaine user with infective endocarditis should focus on which signs and symptoms (select all that apply) a. Retinal hemorrhages b. splinter hemorrhages c. presence of Osler's nodes d. Painless nodules over bony prominences e. painless erythematous macules on the palms and soles - correct answer a. Retinal hemorrhages b. splinter hemorrhages c. presence of Osler's nodes e. painless erythematous macules on the palms and...