Neuroscience Guías de estudio, Notas de estudios & Resúmenes

Major components of the nervous system Central nervous system (CNS) = brain and spinal cord Peripheral nervous system (PNS) ∙spinal nerves (31 pairs) arise from spinal cord → sensory/motor ∙cranial nerves (12 pairs, all but first arise from brain) are largely concerned with motor and sensation of the head Visceral nervous system/autonomic nervous system = motor innervations of cardiac muscle, smooth muscle, glands, sensory innervations of viscera Terms of direction the axis of d...

genomics focuses on the analysis of complete DNA sequences, both coding and regulatory. gap junctions intercellular continuities between neurons that allow for cytoplasmic continuity and the direct transfer of electrical and chemical signals between cells in the nervous system dendrites the primary targets for synaptic input from the axon terminals of other neurons and are distinguished by their high content of ribosomes, as well as by specific cytoskeletal proteins synaptic cleft an in...

Neuropsychology the branch of psychology that is concerned with the physiological bases of psychological processes Lesioning in studies of brain functioning, the intentional destruction of brain tissue in order to observe the effects on behavior Stereotaxic apparatus A device used to insert an electrode into a particular part of the brain for the purpose of recording electrical activity, stimulating the brain electrically, or producing localized damage Phineas Gage Phineas Gage, a const...

Neuroscience scientific study of the nervous system. Axon The neuronal process that carries the action potential from the nerve cell body to a target Axons respond to attractants and repellents which may be diffusible or substrate bound. Dendrite a neuronal process arising from the cell body that receives synaptic input Growth cone the specialized end of a growing axon (or dendrite) that generates the motive force for elongation Nervous System consists of the brain, spinal cord and p...

neurons a nerve cell, the basic building block of the nervous system neurons these help us understand our thoughts and actions, memories and moods. all neurons consist of a cell body and its branching fibers!! dendrite a neurons bushy, branching extensions that receive messages and conduct impulses toward the cell body. RECEIVE INFO AND CONDUCT IT TOWARD THE BODY CELL dendrite comparing dendrites to axons: dendrites are very short and axons may be very long, projecting several feet thro...

Where does neuroscience find itself in psychology and biology? What is neuroscience? right in the middle between psych and biology, it is the intersection of biology and psychology. We use the biological bases to understand psychological processes and vice versa. Stuying the function and structure of the brain. Definition of Neuroscience The study of the nervous system, especially the brain. The study of neural bases (bio) of behavior and mental processes (psych). Different levels of analy...

Action potential The electrical signal conducted along axons (or muscle fibers) by which information is conveyed from one place to another in the nervous system Afferent A neuron or axon that conducts action potentials from the periphery toward the central nervous system. Anterograde Signals or impulses that travel "forward," e.g., from the cell body to the axon terminal, from the presynaptic terminal to the postsynaptic cell, or from the CNS to the periphery. associational systems Ne...

What makes up the central nervous system? Brain and spinal cord What makes up the peripheral nervous system? CN and ganglia Spinal nerves and ganglia Enteric nervous system Sympathetic and parasympathetic What are the 5 steps of embryological development of the nervous system? Neurulation Cell proliferation Migration and aggregation Formation of axonal and dendritic processes Synatopgenesis What is neurulation? Formation of the neural crest and neural tube (1st s...

Glia Cells in the nervous system that support the activities of neurons Neuron A cell of the nervous system that is specialized for information processing and communication Macroglia Large glial cells Astrocyte Structural support, nourishment, endfeet (blood-brain barrier), support and form synapses Oligodendrocyte Form myelin sheath and wrap more than one neuron at a time; block CNS repair by forming scars Schwann Cells Form myelin sheath and wrap only one at a time; promote repa...

Synapses transmit... info across neuron to neuron motoneurons large w/ large axons to stimulate muscles sensory neurons respond to environmental stimuli (such as touch, odor) interneurons connectors - send and receive input to other neurons What are the three types of neurons? motoneurons, sensory, and interneurons What are the three shapes of neurons? Multipolar, bipolar, and unipolar Multipolar 1 axon, many dendrites, most common Bipolar 1 axon, 1 dendrite Unipolar Sing...