Guías de estudio, Notas de estudios & Resúmenes

What is DNA? Where is it found? What is it responsible for? What are the 4 nitrogenous bases? 1. Deoxyribonucleic acid. 2. Cell nucleus and Mitochondria 3. The storage of genetic information 4. Purines (Adenine - Guanine), Pyrimidines (Cytosine - Thymine) *A-T* *C-G* (Base pairs) What are Genes? Where are Genes located? What are Genes made up of? 1. Small functional hereditary units 2. Specific site of a chromosome 3. DNA What do most Genes contain? 1. Genes contain the informat...

Moon Internal, subjective psychological state, which directs how a person feels and perceives the world Limbic System A set of structures in the brain that deal with emotions and memory Hypothalamus Autonomic control in emotions Prefrontal Cortex Judgement, decision-making Amygdala Emotionally charged memories Hippocampus Long-term memory Anterior cingulate cortex Empathy, impulse Cingulate gyrus Emotional memories

Lines of Body Defense -First: Skin and mucous membranes -Second: Inflammatory response -Third: Immune response Acute Inflammation is triggered by tissue injury and is essential for healing Major goals of inflammation: •To increase blood flow to the site of injury (vascular response) •To alert the products of healing to attend to the site of injury (cellular response) •To remove the injured tissue and prepare the site for healing Vascular response -The whole process is orchestrated...

List infectious skin conditions verruca fungal infections MRSA List cutaneous manifestations of immunodeficiency Crohn's disease diabetes mellitus HIV List dermatological skin manifestations of allergy Eczema Contact dermatitis List autoimmune disease affecting the joints Rheumatoid arthritis spondyloarthritis List sprains & strains involve inflammation Achilles tendonitis What are functions of immune system Infectious diseases

What is ventilation? inspiration (acquiring oxygen) and expiring (removing co2) Describe the different measures of ventilation. - tidal volume (tv)--volume of air going in and out at rest - vital capacity (vc)--maximal amount of air that can deliberately be moved in or out of lungs with forced inhalation and exhalation - forced vital capacity (fvc)--maximal amount of air that is exhaled from lungs during forced exhalation - forced expiratory volume in 1 second (fev1)--maximal amount of...

Immune response is considered to be the third line of defense and wages a specific defense depending on the type of invader Injury is defined in the broadest sense to include any form of damage or alteration to cells or tissues Vascular response to increase blood flow to the site of an injury Cellular response to alert the products of healing to attend to the site of injury Dilate widen Permeable loosening to allow cells to easily move through tissues or vessels Endothelial cells form ...

What is the etiology of ARDS? (3 things) anaphylaxis smoke inhalation lung infection Total obstruction of the airways results in: rapid loss of consciousness What is the core pathophysiologic problem in cystic fibrosis? altered chloride and water transport What is the etiology of COPD in the majority of cases? smoking You are caring for a 20 year old with a severe asthma exacerbation. He is wheezing, short of breath, hypoxic and afraid. What is causing these acute symptoms? constricti...

The most dangerous complication arising from abnormal potassium levels is cardiac arrhythmia. a. TRUE b. FALSE a. TRUE A deficiency of vitamin D can cause hyponatremia. a. TRUE b. FALSE b. FALSE A tumor that release excessive amounts of parathyroid hormone will most likely result in hypocalcemia. a. TRUE b. FALSE b. FALSE ___________ is the most abundant cation in the extracellular space. Sodium Two solutions that are isotonic have the exact same solutes dissolved in them. a. TRUE...

Cellular Injury reversible Cellular Swelling, Loss of ATP, Detachment of Ribosomes Cellular Injury Irreversible Severe Vacuolization of the mitochondria Necrosis Pathologic cell death Apoptosis Normal genetically programmed and timed cell death Four Common forms of Cellular insult Hypoxic, reactive oxygen species, chemical, and immunologic/inflammatory injuries. Hypoxic Injury ATP depletion causes damage

Types of Acute Coronary Syndroms Plaque Progression, Coronary Artery Disease, Coronary Artery Occulsion, Angina Pectoris, Myocardial infarction Coronary Artery Occulsion Narrowing of the coronary arteries Differences between Myocardial Ischemia and Myocardial infarction. Myocardial ischemia presents with chest pain that lasts 3-5 minutes and than dissipates, while myocardial infarction presents with continuous chest pain Causes of Angina Pectoris Cardiovascular disease or anemia What d...