History:
- Ancient Greece: cyclic.
- Hebrews: monotheistic → linear.
- Christians: monotheistic → linear.
- Medieval Christians: dualist (God-Satan), sometimes triadic (Father, Son,
Holy Spirit).
- Renaissance/Enlightenment: human-centered.
- After Enlightenment: divided in positivists (history as scientific explanation)
and idealists (focus on ideas and historical experience).
Historiography: study of the writing of history: describes how schools of thought
about history were.
Historicism: view that history has its own meaning/pattern/l aws →
meaning is internal, not external.
Metahistory: (linked to positivism) quest for all-encompassing meaning →
history has an end goal.
Hegel: end goal is freedom.
Antihistory: (linked to idealism) historical truth relative to the historian, not absolute.
Sometimes gave way to skepticism and even further: historical denial.
Sources: primary (direct evidence) and secondary (interpretation).
Sources:
- Books (“building blocks of investigation”).
- Archives.
- Artefacts.
- Oral history (primary source, but not always reliable).
- New evidence (genetics/DNA, chromosomes).
Global history: connections and interactions between civilizations.
World history: knowable past (modern era), focusing on civilizations.
Changing: more focusing on non-western civilizations.
Universal history: multidisciplinary, understand past at all possible scales.
Was absent because: not scientific enough
rise of nationalism, not ‘global citizenship’.
Returned because of: more information and data.
more techniques (‘chronometric revolution’).
Christian: complexity is created everytime Goldilocks conditions appear (builds stage
by stage).
Most recent Goldilocks conditions made it possible for human beings to flourish.
Guns, germs and steel: (relates to Turchin)
- Made agriculture etc. possible (also domesticated animals).
- Unequal distribution domesticated animals explains:
● Pastoralist societies and tension pastoralists-agriculturalists.
● ‘Scaling-up’ of empires.
- Ancient Greece: cyclic.
- Hebrews: monotheistic → linear.
- Christians: monotheistic → linear.
- Medieval Christians: dualist (God-Satan), sometimes triadic (Father, Son,
Holy Spirit).
- Renaissance/Enlightenment: human-centered.
- After Enlightenment: divided in positivists (history as scientific explanation)
and idealists (focus on ideas and historical experience).
Historiography: study of the writing of history: describes how schools of thought
about history were.
Historicism: view that history has its own meaning/pattern/l aws →
meaning is internal, not external.
Metahistory: (linked to positivism) quest for all-encompassing meaning →
history has an end goal.
Hegel: end goal is freedom.
Antihistory: (linked to idealism) historical truth relative to the historian, not absolute.
Sometimes gave way to skepticism and even further: historical denial.
Sources: primary (direct evidence) and secondary (interpretation).
Sources:
- Books (“building blocks of investigation”).
- Archives.
- Artefacts.
- Oral history (primary source, but not always reliable).
- New evidence (genetics/DNA, chromosomes).
Global history: connections and interactions between civilizations.
World history: knowable past (modern era), focusing on civilizations.
Changing: more focusing on non-western civilizations.
Universal history: multidisciplinary, understand past at all possible scales.
Was absent because: not scientific enough
rise of nationalism, not ‘global citizenship’.
Returned because of: more information and data.
more techniques (‘chronometric revolution’).
Christian: complexity is created everytime Goldilocks conditions appear (builds stage
by stage).
Most recent Goldilocks conditions made it possible for human beings to flourish.
Guns, germs and steel: (relates to Turchin)
- Made agriculture etc. possible (also domesticated animals).
- Unequal distribution domesticated animals explains:
● Pastoralist societies and tension pastoralists-agriculturalists.
● ‘Scaling-up’ of empires.
