1
Summary law & security
, 2
Table of Contents
Week 1 ............................................................................................................................................. 4
Security tensions - Anderson & Amato 2023 ........................................................................................ 4
The concept of security - Baldwin 1997................................................................................................. 4
Philosophy: the concepts of security, fear, liberty, and the state - Herington 2015 ........................... 6
Lecture 1: What is law and how does it relate to security? ................................................................. 7
Week 2 ........................................................................................................................................... 10
An elementary approach to the Rule of Law – Bedner 2010............................................................. 10
Transcript between sociologist & influential police scholar – Brodeur & Bittner 1999 ................. 11
Basic principles of the Use of Force and Firearms by Law Enforcement Officials – UN 1990...... 13
Lecture 2: How do states respond to national (in)securities and how is the use of force regulated?
................................................................................................................................................................. 14
Course lab 1 ........................................................................................................................................... 19
Week 3 ........................................................................................................................................... 21
Can they deliver? The practice of joint investigation teams – Furger 2024 .................................... 21
Police and judicial cooperation policy – Rozée et al. 2018 ................................................................ 22
From classical judicial cooperation to mutual recognition – Nilsson 2006 ...................................... 23
Lecture 3: Bilateral and multilateral cooperation ............................................................................. 25
Week 4 ........................................................................................................................................... 30
The Humanization of Jus ad Bellum – Lieblich 2021 ........................................................................ 30
The Meaning of Force – Ruys 2014 ..................................................................................................... 32
The Future of International Law is Domestic – Slaughter & Burke-White 2006 ........................... 33
Lecture 4: the international legal framework..................................................................................... 34
Week 5 ........................................................................................................................................... 40
Security: collective good or commodity – Krahmann 2008............................................................... 40
The Framing of private security and its regulation in Belgium – Leloup 2024 ............................... 41
The Ethical Implications of the Use of Private military force – Machairas 2014 ........................... 43
Lecture 5: The private sector ............................................................................................................... 44
Week 6 ........................................................................................................................................... 48
Assessing the responsibilities of the International Criminal Court -Ablamskyi et al. 2023 ........... 48
The complexity of investigating war crimes – Jackson & Winch 2021 ............................................ 49
, 3
Lecture 6: how to prosecute war crimes.............................................................................................. 50
Week 7 ........................................................................................................................................... 55
Lecture 7: Recap.................................................................................................................................... 55
, 4
Week 1
Security tensions - Anderson & Amato 2023
Historical evolution of sovereignty: The relationship between law and security is rooted in the
1648 Westphalian system, which established the principles of state sovereignty and non-
interference. However, the atrocities of WWII catalysed a shift toward limiting state power through
the development of International Humanitarian Law (IHL), International Criminal Law, and
International Human Rights Law (IHRL).
National vs international regimes: There is a significant distinction between Rule of Law
systems (typically liberal democracies) and Rule by by Law systems (autocracies). Tensions
frequently arise when a state’s internal interpretation of security conflicts with established
international norms regarding human rights or the use of force
Conflicts between legal frameworks: Tensions exist not only between law and security but also
between different legal regimes, such as the interplay between IHRL and IHL. While they share
the goal of protecting individuals, they sometimes set different standards, such as the varying age
limits for child participation in hostilities.
Domestic obligations and accountability: Under the principle of pacta sunt servanda, states are
obligated to respect the international treaties they sign. Instrument like the European Convention
on Human Rights challenge absolute sovereignty by holding states accountable to authorities
higher than their own domestic courts.
Modern challenges to the balance: Maintaining a balance between security and rights is
increasingly difficult due to unexpected emergencies like terrorist attacks and the emergence of
private security actors, such as the Wagner Company. The authors conclude that despite these
tensions, it remains vital to prosecute war crimes and ensure that rights are protected even during
states of emergency.
The concept of security - Baldwin 1997
Redefining security has become popular, and little attention to clarifying concept of security itself.
Baldwin seeks to provide a rigorous conceptual framework to move beyond using security as a
mere political label
Security as a neglected and confused concept: Baldwin observes that during the Cold War,
“security studies” focused almost entirely on military force rather than the concept of security. He
argues that security is not necessarily an essentially contested concept but is instead insufficiently
explicated. He critiques other scholars for conflating the concept of security with the conditions
required to achieve it, noting that one must define what security is before one can determine how
to get it.
Summary law & security
, 2
Table of Contents
Week 1 ............................................................................................................................................. 4
Security tensions - Anderson & Amato 2023 ........................................................................................ 4
The concept of security - Baldwin 1997................................................................................................. 4
Philosophy: the concepts of security, fear, liberty, and the state - Herington 2015 ........................... 6
Lecture 1: What is law and how does it relate to security? ................................................................. 7
Week 2 ........................................................................................................................................... 10
An elementary approach to the Rule of Law – Bedner 2010............................................................. 10
Transcript between sociologist & influential police scholar – Brodeur & Bittner 1999 ................. 11
Basic principles of the Use of Force and Firearms by Law Enforcement Officials – UN 1990...... 13
Lecture 2: How do states respond to national (in)securities and how is the use of force regulated?
................................................................................................................................................................. 14
Course lab 1 ........................................................................................................................................... 19
Week 3 ........................................................................................................................................... 21
Can they deliver? The practice of joint investigation teams – Furger 2024 .................................... 21
Police and judicial cooperation policy – Rozée et al. 2018 ................................................................ 22
From classical judicial cooperation to mutual recognition – Nilsson 2006 ...................................... 23
Lecture 3: Bilateral and multilateral cooperation ............................................................................. 25
Week 4 ........................................................................................................................................... 30
The Humanization of Jus ad Bellum – Lieblich 2021 ........................................................................ 30
The Meaning of Force – Ruys 2014 ..................................................................................................... 32
The Future of International Law is Domestic – Slaughter & Burke-White 2006 ........................... 33
Lecture 4: the international legal framework..................................................................................... 34
Week 5 ........................................................................................................................................... 40
Security: collective good or commodity – Krahmann 2008............................................................... 40
The Framing of private security and its regulation in Belgium – Leloup 2024 ............................... 41
The Ethical Implications of the Use of Private military force – Machairas 2014 ........................... 43
Lecture 5: The private sector ............................................................................................................... 44
Week 6 ........................................................................................................................................... 48
Assessing the responsibilities of the International Criminal Court -Ablamskyi et al. 2023 ........... 48
The complexity of investigating war crimes – Jackson & Winch 2021 ............................................ 49
, 3
Lecture 6: how to prosecute war crimes.............................................................................................. 50
Week 7 ........................................................................................................................................... 55
Lecture 7: Recap.................................................................................................................................... 55
, 4
Week 1
Security tensions - Anderson & Amato 2023
Historical evolution of sovereignty: The relationship between law and security is rooted in the
1648 Westphalian system, which established the principles of state sovereignty and non-
interference. However, the atrocities of WWII catalysed a shift toward limiting state power through
the development of International Humanitarian Law (IHL), International Criminal Law, and
International Human Rights Law (IHRL).
National vs international regimes: There is a significant distinction between Rule of Law
systems (typically liberal democracies) and Rule by by Law systems (autocracies). Tensions
frequently arise when a state’s internal interpretation of security conflicts with established
international norms regarding human rights or the use of force
Conflicts between legal frameworks: Tensions exist not only between law and security but also
between different legal regimes, such as the interplay between IHRL and IHL. While they share
the goal of protecting individuals, they sometimes set different standards, such as the varying age
limits for child participation in hostilities.
Domestic obligations and accountability: Under the principle of pacta sunt servanda, states are
obligated to respect the international treaties they sign. Instrument like the European Convention
on Human Rights challenge absolute sovereignty by holding states accountable to authorities
higher than their own domestic courts.
Modern challenges to the balance: Maintaining a balance between security and rights is
increasingly difficult due to unexpected emergencies like terrorist attacks and the emergence of
private security actors, such as the Wagner Company. The authors conclude that despite these
tensions, it remains vital to prosecute war crimes and ensure that rights are protected even during
states of emergency.
The concept of security - Baldwin 1997
Redefining security has become popular, and little attention to clarifying concept of security itself.
Baldwin seeks to provide a rigorous conceptual framework to move beyond using security as a
mere political label
Security as a neglected and confused concept: Baldwin observes that during the Cold War,
“security studies” focused almost entirely on military force rather than the concept of security. He
argues that security is not necessarily an essentially contested concept but is instead insufficiently
explicated. He critiques other scholars for conflating the concept of security with the conditions
required to achieve it, noting that one must define what security is before one can determine how
to get it.
