1. (8.1) What is metabolism?: sum of all chemical reactions in the body 2. (8.1) What are metabolic pathways?: Pathways that consist of chains and cycles of enzyme-catalysed reactions 3. (8.1) What do enzymes do to activation energy?: They lower the activation energy of the chemical reactions that they catalyse 4. (8.1) What are the 2 types of enzyme inhibitors: competitive and noncompetitive 5. (8.1) How can metabolic pathways be controlled?: End-product inhibition 6. (8.1) How does end...

IB BIOLOGY TOPIC 6 HUMAN PHYSIOLOGY COMPLETE STUDY GUIDE 2023 HKEXCEL LTD. 1 Topic 6.1 – Digestion and absorption The human digestive system  The parts of the human digestive system are as follows:  Mouth: Ingestion and chewing of food particles. Saliva is secreted in the mouth which contains the enzyme salivary amylase. This enzymes breaks down amylose (starch).  Esophagus: Swallowing the chewed food.  Stomach: Firstly, the stomach secretes pepsin which starts the dige...

IB BIOLOGY TOPIC 2 MOLECULAR BIOLOGY COMPLETE STUDY GUIDE 2023 Topic 2.1 – Molecules to Metabolism x Atom: It is a single uncharged particle of an element. E.g. H, O, N, S, Na, Fe, etc. x Molecule: A group of two or more atoms held together by covalent bonds. E.g. H2O, N2, CO2, etc. x Ion: Ions are atoms or groups of atoms that are charged E.g. H+ , Na+ , OH- , etc. Metabolism ¾ Metabolism is the web of all the enzyme-catalysed reactions in a cell or organism. Metabolism is m...

Water properties: • Cohesion: like molecules attract to each other • Water is a polar molecule that forms a hydrogen bond with other water molecules. • The negatively charged oxygen atom of one water molecule forms a hydrogen bond with a positively • charged hydrogen atom of another water molecule. This attractive force between these molecules is called cohesion which helps plants draw water from the root through the xylem to the leaf • Adhesion: unlike molecules attract to eac...

Hershey & Chase experiment Experiment target: T2 Bacteriophage (a kind of virus, containing DNA and a protein coat) & E.Coli bacteria How does virus work? • Virus injects their genetic material into cell • Non-genetic part of the virus (protein coat) remains outside the cell • Infected cell produces large amount of viruses based on the genetic material in the cell • The cell bursts releasing copied viruses Experimental methodology: • Amino acid containing radioactive isotopes ...

IB BIOLOGY TOPIC 3 GENETICS COMPLETE STUDY GUIDE 2023. HKEXCEL LTD. 1 Topic 3.1 – Genes Genetics x It is the study of variation and inheritance. The basic unit of inheritance is a gene. Gene x A gene is defined as a heritable factor that controls a specific characteristic for an organism, or a section of DNA that codes for the formation of a polypeptide. x A gene occupies a specific position on a chromosome. x A typical animal or plant cell nucleus contains thousands of genes. The ...

IB BIOLOGY TOPIC 4 ECOLOGY COMPLETE STUDY GUIDE 2023 Topic 4.1: Ecology – Species, communities and ecosystem The continued survival of living organisms including humans depends on sustainable communities. • Understanding: Species are groups of organisms that can potentially interbreed to produce fertile offspring.  Species: groups of organisms that can potentially interbreed to produce fertile off-springs  Crossbreeding: interbreeding between different species with off-springs ...

IB BIOLOGY TOPIC 1 CELL BIOLOGY QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS COMPLETE STUDY GUIDE 2023 IB Biology Topic 1: Cell Biology 1. Cell theory: The theory that cells form the fundamental structural and functional units of all living organisms. 2. Differentiation: The expression of a particular gene(s) and not others in order for cell specialisation. 3. Emergent properties: The idea that the sum of an organism is more than the parts interacting and combining. Living things become more complex as they...

BTEC APPLIED SCIENCE UNIT 2 BIOLOGY CHROMATOGRAPHY COMPLETED TO DISTINCTION 2023 Chromatography The term chromatography can be described as a technique used to separate the compounds within a mixture (or solutes), determined by the relative proportions of each solute distributed between a moving fluid stream, which is called the mobile phase, as well as a stationary phase which could be potentially contiguous. The stationary phase might be in the form of a solid or a liquid whereas duri...

COMPLETE - Elaborated Testbank for Biology Now with Physiology 3ED.by Anne Houtman, Megan Scudellari & Cindy Malone ALL Chapters included update for 2022 TABLE OF CONTENTS Unit 1: Science Chapter 1 The Nature of Science: Caves of Death Chapter 2 Evaluating Scientific Claims: Sex, Cancer, and a Vaccine (NEW STORY) Unit 2: Cells Chapter 3 Chemistry of Life: Breaking Good (NEW STORY) Chapter 4 Life Is Cellular: Engineering Life Chapter 5 How Cells Work: Rock Eaters Chapter 6 Cell ...