,Basics About Threading
The message board „all around the thread“
Basics to know about threading
Information & practical advice
Until now the technical term for threading was „thread cutting“. Due to diverse alloys in
almost all fields of applications the term “thread forming” has likewise been
established. Therefore we chose “threading” for both applications.
What to take care of at threading
Basically essential is the right selection of the tool, and with it the „geometries and coatings of
the threading tool“ and the resulting influences on its practical impact concerning the material
(from thermoplastics to carbide materials) in process.
Moreover important are depth of thread (e.g. more than 1.5 D), cutting speed and lubrication
(formula of lubricant) in order to favorably influence the smoothness of the chip flow and the
quality of the thread including accuracy to gauge.
As besides the technique, which ought to ensure optimum production results – also profitability
and the documentation of the production play a major role – we are determined to take up the
most important issues of this study and expose its complex contexts.
Subsequently we will also cover questions designed to user specifications, e.g. working with
thermoplastics and the according lubrication.
This study is constantly updated on our Internet homepage www.microtap.de
For further information’s about our new TTT Tapping-Torque-Testsystem incl. the
new “Screening and analysis-software” WinPCA3 please see our special website
www.tapping-torque-test.com
Access to this forum is provided for customers when signing up.
Special thanks to EMUGE GmbH for its support and provision of photographs
Basics-about-threading.doc 1
microtap GmbH, Rotwandweg 4, D - 82024 Taufkirchen / München, Tel +49-89-6128051, Fax +49-89-6127488
- www.microtap.de / www.tapping-torque-test.com
May 2009
,Basics About Threading
The message board „all around the thread“
1. Topics
1. Topics 2
2. Technology 4
3. Types of threads and threading procedures 4
3.1. Tool technology in detail 4
3.1.2. Types of threads meant for interior- & exterior threads 4
3.2. Types of threads 5
3.3. Threading procedures 5
3.4. Interior threads 6
3.5. Exterior threads 7
4. Basics of tool geometry 8
4.1. Topical issues 8
4.2. Projected topics 8
5. Terms of tool geometry 9
5.1. Graphic description & terms 9
5.2. Tap point [gating / lead] 10
5.3. Construction forms B and C 11
5.4. Construction forms D and E 12
5.5. Summary 12
5.6. The tooth [cutting edge] 13
5.7. Relief grinding 14
5.8 The [threading] flutes 15
6. Basics of “thread-forming”, also called thread grooving or thread pressing 16
6.1. Proceeding characteristics 16
6.2. Premises 16
6.3. Advantages 16
6.4. To consider 16
6.5. Principles of thread grooving 17
6.6. Comparison / Difference 17
6.6.2. Advantages of thread forming 18
6.7. Polygon form & formation of formed thread flanks / width of cutting edge 19
6.8. Impacts & influences of tolerances on pilot hole core-diameter 20
6.9. Impacts on pilot-hole diameters 21
6.9.2. Not fully „formed“ thread profile and „over formed“ profile 21
6.10. Spine bulging at thread-forming 22
6.10.1. Influence of thread protection counter bore at thread forming 22
6.11. Thread-quality of a formed thread 23
6.11.2. What kind of materials are good for thread forming 23
Basics-about-threading.doc 2
microtap GmbH, Rotwandweg 4, D - 82024 Taufkirchen / München, Tel +49-89-6128051, Fax +49-89-6127488
- www.microtap.de / www.tapping-torque-test.com
May 2009
, Basics About Threading
The message board „all around the thread“
7. Surface treatment / surface coating 24
7.1. Aims of surface treatment 24
7.2. Procedures of surface treatment & coating 25
7.3. PVD – Physical Vapour Deposition 26
7.4. Physical characteristics of carbide material layers 27
7.5. Employment of lubricants 28
7.6. Overview of various standard lubricants in dependence of material,
segmented in 6 different groups 28
8. Problems of thread production 29
9. The torque 30
If you are especially interested in particular issues, please let us know and
send an email to mailto: http://www.microtap.de
http://www.threadtapping.com
You also may sign up for information-letters which will be sent to you right
after release.
May 2009
Basics-about-threading.doc 3
microtap GmbH, Rotwandweg 4, D - 82024 Taufkirchen / München, Tel +49-89-6128051, Fax +49-89-6127488
- www.microtap.de / www.tapping-torque-test.com
May 2009
The message board „all around the thread“
Basics to know about threading
Information & practical advice
Until now the technical term for threading was „thread cutting“. Due to diverse alloys in
almost all fields of applications the term “thread forming” has likewise been
established. Therefore we chose “threading” for both applications.
What to take care of at threading
Basically essential is the right selection of the tool, and with it the „geometries and coatings of
the threading tool“ and the resulting influences on its practical impact concerning the material
(from thermoplastics to carbide materials) in process.
Moreover important are depth of thread (e.g. more than 1.5 D), cutting speed and lubrication
(formula of lubricant) in order to favorably influence the smoothness of the chip flow and the
quality of the thread including accuracy to gauge.
As besides the technique, which ought to ensure optimum production results – also profitability
and the documentation of the production play a major role – we are determined to take up the
most important issues of this study and expose its complex contexts.
Subsequently we will also cover questions designed to user specifications, e.g. working with
thermoplastics and the according lubrication.
This study is constantly updated on our Internet homepage www.microtap.de
For further information’s about our new TTT Tapping-Torque-Testsystem incl. the
new “Screening and analysis-software” WinPCA3 please see our special website
www.tapping-torque-test.com
Access to this forum is provided for customers when signing up.
Special thanks to EMUGE GmbH for its support and provision of photographs
Basics-about-threading.doc 1
microtap GmbH, Rotwandweg 4, D - 82024 Taufkirchen / München, Tel +49-89-6128051, Fax +49-89-6127488
- www.microtap.de / www.tapping-torque-test.com
May 2009
,Basics About Threading
The message board „all around the thread“
1. Topics
1. Topics 2
2. Technology 4
3. Types of threads and threading procedures 4
3.1. Tool technology in detail 4
3.1.2. Types of threads meant for interior- & exterior threads 4
3.2. Types of threads 5
3.3. Threading procedures 5
3.4. Interior threads 6
3.5. Exterior threads 7
4. Basics of tool geometry 8
4.1. Topical issues 8
4.2. Projected topics 8
5. Terms of tool geometry 9
5.1. Graphic description & terms 9
5.2. Tap point [gating / lead] 10
5.3. Construction forms B and C 11
5.4. Construction forms D and E 12
5.5. Summary 12
5.6. The tooth [cutting edge] 13
5.7. Relief grinding 14
5.8 The [threading] flutes 15
6. Basics of “thread-forming”, also called thread grooving or thread pressing 16
6.1. Proceeding characteristics 16
6.2. Premises 16
6.3. Advantages 16
6.4. To consider 16
6.5. Principles of thread grooving 17
6.6. Comparison / Difference 17
6.6.2. Advantages of thread forming 18
6.7. Polygon form & formation of formed thread flanks / width of cutting edge 19
6.8. Impacts & influences of tolerances on pilot hole core-diameter 20
6.9. Impacts on pilot-hole diameters 21
6.9.2. Not fully „formed“ thread profile and „over formed“ profile 21
6.10. Spine bulging at thread-forming 22
6.10.1. Influence of thread protection counter bore at thread forming 22
6.11. Thread-quality of a formed thread 23
6.11.2. What kind of materials are good for thread forming 23
Basics-about-threading.doc 2
microtap GmbH, Rotwandweg 4, D - 82024 Taufkirchen / München, Tel +49-89-6128051, Fax +49-89-6127488
- www.microtap.de / www.tapping-torque-test.com
May 2009
, Basics About Threading
The message board „all around the thread“
7. Surface treatment / surface coating 24
7.1. Aims of surface treatment 24
7.2. Procedures of surface treatment & coating 25
7.3. PVD – Physical Vapour Deposition 26
7.4. Physical characteristics of carbide material layers 27
7.5. Employment of lubricants 28
7.6. Overview of various standard lubricants in dependence of material,
segmented in 6 different groups 28
8. Problems of thread production 29
9. The torque 30
If you are especially interested in particular issues, please let us know and
send an email to mailto: http://www.microtap.de
http://www.threadtapping.com
You also may sign up for information-letters which will be sent to you right
after release.
May 2009
Basics-about-threading.doc 3
microtap GmbH, Rotwandweg 4, D - 82024 Taufkirchen / München, Tel +49-89-6128051, Fax +49-89-6127488
- www.microtap.de / www.tapping-torque-test.com
May 2009
