Research Design and Analysis IIB
ADVANCED STATISTICS
PSYC2006A
LECTURE NOTES
2023
, 2
Wits University PSYC2006A RDAIIB
, 3
This course builds on the statistical concepts and techniques introduced in the RDA IIA module; and
provides an introduction to more complex techniques used in complex research designs within
Psychology.
Recommended Text:
Howell, D.C. (2014). Fundamental Statistics for the Behavioral Sciences (8th Ed.). USA: Wadsworth
Cengage Learning. NB: Please note that earlier editions (7th, 6th) are acceptable.
These course notes were compiled by Nothabo E. Ndebele in the School of Statistics and Actuarial
Science.
Wits University PSYC2006A RDAIIB
, 4
Table of Contents
1 Hypothesis Testing................................................................................................................................ 8
2 Testing Parametric Assumptions ........................................................................................................ 10
2.1 Testing if the data has a normal distribution ............................................................................... 11
2.2 Test of Significance for difference between Population Variances ............................................ 14
3 Comparison of Groups Means ............................................................................................................ 16
3.1 1-Way ANOVA .......................................................................................................................... 16
3.2 2-Way ANOVA .......................................................................................................................... 18
3.3 Post hoc Tests ............................................................................................................................. 22
4 Testing of Medians ............................................................................................................................. 26
4.1 Mann-Whitney U-test ................................................................................................................. 26
4.2 Kruskal-Wallis test...................................................................................................................... 29
5 Measures of correlation/association .................................................................................................... 32
5.1 Pearson’s correlation coefficient ................................................................................................. 32
5.2 Spearman’s 𝝆𝑺 ............................................................................................................................ 34
5.3 Kendall’s (Tau) ...................................................................................................................... 36
Wits University PSYC2006A RDAIIB
ADVANCED STATISTICS
PSYC2006A
LECTURE NOTES
2023
, 2
Wits University PSYC2006A RDAIIB
, 3
This course builds on the statistical concepts and techniques introduced in the RDA IIA module; and
provides an introduction to more complex techniques used in complex research designs within
Psychology.
Recommended Text:
Howell, D.C. (2014). Fundamental Statistics for the Behavioral Sciences (8th Ed.). USA: Wadsworth
Cengage Learning. NB: Please note that earlier editions (7th, 6th) are acceptable.
These course notes were compiled by Nothabo E. Ndebele in the School of Statistics and Actuarial
Science.
Wits University PSYC2006A RDAIIB
, 4
Table of Contents
1 Hypothesis Testing................................................................................................................................ 8
2 Testing Parametric Assumptions ........................................................................................................ 10
2.1 Testing if the data has a normal distribution ............................................................................... 11
2.2 Test of Significance for difference between Population Variances ............................................ 14
3 Comparison of Groups Means ............................................................................................................ 16
3.1 1-Way ANOVA .......................................................................................................................... 16
3.2 2-Way ANOVA .......................................................................................................................... 18
3.3 Post hoc Tests ............................................................................................................................. 22
4 Testing of Medians ............................................................................................................................. 26
4.1 Mann-Whitney U-test ................................................................................................................. 26
4.2 Kruskal-Wallis test...................................................................................................................... 29
5 Measures of correlation/association .................................................................................................... 32
5.1 Pearson’s correlation coefficient ................................................................................................. 32
5.2 Spearman’s 𝝆𝑺 ............................................................................................................................ 34
5.3 Kendall’s (Tau) ...................................................................................................................... 36
Wits University PSYC2006A RDAIIB
