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Summary Excretion, biology notes

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2022/2023 Written for academic year
Institution 12th Grade
Course Life Sciences
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An in depth summary of the IEB Biology topic: Excretion.

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BIOLOGY
EXCRETION

, EXCRETION
PURPOSE: maintain homeostasis by removing waste

LIVER
• Not an excretory organ, but many waste products formed there:

• Nitrogenous waste:
• Urea
• Uric acid
• Creatinine
• Non-nitrogenous waste:
• Toxins and drugs
• Alcohol

• Other excretory products:
• Bile pigment
• Cholesterol


EXCRETORY ORGANS

1. Kidneys (urea, carbon dioxide, excess
water, ions and nitrogenous waste)
NOTE: Right kidney is slightly lower than
2. Lungs (CO2) left, it’s been pushed down by liver.

3. Skin (water, salts, creative (sweat)

4. Large intestine (bile pigments, calcium (faeces),
cholesterol) RENAL ARTERY:
- carries oxygen and nitrogenous waste to kidney

URINARY SYSTEM RENAL VEIN
- carries puri ied blood to inferior vena cava

URETER
- carries urine to bladder

BLADDER
- stores urine

SPHINCTER
- controls low of urine

URETHRA
- carries urine to exterior

AORTA
- carries O2 blood with nitrogenous waste to all parts of
the body

INFERIOR VENA CAVA
- carries puri ied deoxygenated blood back to heart

KIDNEYS
- ilter nitrogenous waste out of blood (excretory)
- regulate water and salt balance (osmoregulation)
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