SENIOR SECONDARY ̀ PROGRAMME 20..
GRADE 12
HISTORY
LEARNER NOTES
The SSIP is supported by 1
(c) Gauteng Department of Education, 2013
, TABLE OF CONTENTS
LEARNER NOTES
SESSION TOPIC PAGE
3 Civil Society Protest – Black Consciousness Movement
of the 1970s
4 South Africa emerging as a democracy – the 1980s
5 South Africa Emerging as a Democracy – 1990-1994
2
(c) Gauteng Department of Education, 2013
,GAUTENG DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION SENIOR SECONDARY INTERVENTION PROGRAMME
HISTORY GRADE 12 SESSION 3 (LEARNER NOTES)
SESSION 3
TOPIC: CIVIL SOCIEY PROTEST – BLACK CONSCIOUSNESS MOVEMENT OF THE
1970s
SECTION A: TYPICAL EXAM QUESTIONS
KEY QUESTION: (Taken from: DOE Preliminary Exam 2008 Paper 1)
WHAT WAS STEVE BIKO'S AND THE BLACK CONSCIOUSNESS MOVEMENT'S
CONTRIBUTION TO THE LIBERATION STRUGGLE IN SOUTH AFRICA IN THE
1970s?
Learner Note: The Key Question will appear at the beginning of every section in the
exam paper. This question tells you what the OVERALL content to be tested will be. In
this case, the Key Question tells us the section will test what contribution Steve Biko and
the Black Consciousness Movement made to the struggle in South Africa in the 1970s.
NB: You DO NOT answer this question!
Remember to answer all questions in FULL SENTENCES, as bullet points are not
acceptable in an exam situation. Also, you must be specific as to which source and which
part of the source they are referring to.
QUESTION 1: 15 minutes
SOURCE A
The following is an extract from one of Steve Biko's articles taken from 'I Write What I like'
and signed Frank Talk, in which he writes about the philosophy of Black Consciousness.
All in all the black man became a shell, a shadow of a man, completely defeated,
drowning in his own misery, a slave, an ox bearing the yoke [burden] of oppression with
sheepish timidity. This is the first truth, bitter as it may seem, that we have to
acknowledge before we can start on any programme to change the status quo. It
becomes more necessary to see the truth as it is if you realise that the only vehicle for
change are these people who have lost their personality. The first, therefore, is to make
the black man come to himself; to pump back life into his empty shell; to infuse him with
pride and dignity; to remind him of his complicity in the crime of allowing himself to be
misused and, therefore, letting evil reign supreme in the country of his birth. This is what
we mean by an inward-looking process. This is the definition of 'Black Consciousness'.
3
(c) Gauteng Department of Education, 2013
, GAUTENG DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION SENIOR SECONDARY INTERVENTION PROGRAMME
HISTORY GRADE 12 SESSION 3 (LEARNER NOTES)
1. Study Source 1A and answer the following questions:
1.1 Explain the following historical concepts: (2 x 2) (4)
a) Black Consciousness Movement
b) Liberation
1.2 Explain how Steve Biko justifies the need for Black (2 x 2) (4)
Consciousness.
1.3 Find proof in the text where Biko suggests that Black people (1 x 3) (3)
are to a certain degree responsible for their own misuse?
1.4 What, according to Steve Biko, needs to happen to address the (2 x 2) (4)
oppression of black people in South Africa? [15]
Learner Note: When asked to find proof in the text you must find the relevant phrase or
sentence and use quotation marks.
QUESTION 2: 20 minutes
SOURCE B
The following extract is from Donald Woods 10 August 1971, the editor of the Daily
Dispatch, a liberal English newspaper in East London. Woods changed his views and
became an ardent defender of Black Consciousness and close confidante of Steve Biko.
The emergence of SASO is one of the sad manifestations of racist policy at government
level. The cornerstone of apartheid is the Bantustan policy, through which blacks are
compelled to regard themselves as separate people – a people set apart – who can
aspire to progress only on the basis of exclusivity. The result is the emergence of a
„blacks only‟ mentality among blacks. The promoters of SASO are wrong in what they are
doing. They are promoting apartheid. They are entrenching the idea of racial exclusivity
and, therefore, doing the government's work.
2.1 The source 2B refers to SASO. What was SASO? (1 x 1) (1)
2.2 In what way does Donald Woods believe that The Bantustan (2 x 2) (4)
Policy and SASO‟s objectives are similar?
2.2 Using your knowledge of SASO, argue whether or not you (3 x 2) (6)
agree with the above belief?
2.3 Using Source B and your own knowledge, explain how (2 x 2) (4)
apartheid affected black people.
[15]
Learner Note: Question 2.3 is dangerous in that it‟s easy to answer it emotionally,
instead of analysing the source and answering the question objectively. Avoid the use of
strong emotive language and try not to make unnecessary assumptions.
4
(c) Gauteng Department of Education, 2013
GRADE 12
HISTORY
LEARNER NOTES
The SSIP is supported by 1
(c) Gauteng Department of Education, 2013
, TABLE OF CONTENTS
LEARNER NOTES
SESSION TOPIC PAGE
3 Civil Society Protest – Black Consciousness Movement
of the 1970s
4 South Africa emerging as a democracy – the 1980s
5 South Africa Emerging as a Democracy – 1990-1994
2
(c) Gauteng Department of Education, 2013
,GAUTENG DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION SENIOR SECONDARY INTERVENTION PROGRAMME
HISTORY GRADE 12 SESSION 3 (LEARNER NOTES)
SESSION 3
TOPIC: CIVIL SOCIEY PROTEST – BLACK CONSCIOUSNESS MOVEMENT OF THE
1970s
SECTION A: TYPICAL EXAM QUESTIONS
KEY QUESTION: (Taken from: DOE Preliminary Exam 2008 Paper 1)
WHAT WAS STEVE BIKO'S AND THE BLACK CONSCIOUSNESS MOVEMENT'S
CONTRIBUTION TO THE LIBERATION STRUGGLE IN SOUTH AFRICA IN THE
1970s?
Learner Note: The Key Question will appear at the beginning of every section in the
exam paper. This question tells you what the OVERALL content to be tested will be. In
this case, the Key Question tells us the section will test what contribution Steve Biko and
the Black Consciousness Movement made to the struggle in South Africa in the 1970s.
NB: You DO NOT answer this question!
Remember to answer all questions in FULL SENTENCES, as bullet points are not
acceptable in an exam situation. Also, you must be specific as to which source and which
part of the source they are referring to.
QUESTION 1: 15 minutes
SOURCE A
The following is an extract from one of Steve Biko's articles taken from 'I Write What I like'
and signed Frank Talk, in which he writes about the philosophy of Black Consciousness.
All in all the black man became a shell, a shadow of a man, completely defeated,
drowning in his own misery, a slave, an ox bearing the yoke [burden] of oppression with
sheepish timidity. This is the first truth, bitter as it may seem, that we have to
acknowledge before we can start on any programme to change the status quo. It
becomes more necessary to see the truth as it is if you realise that the only vehicle for
change are these people who have lost their personality. The first, therefore, is to make
the black man come to himself; to pump back life into his empty shell; to infuse him with
pride and dignity; to remind him of his complicity in the crime of allowing himself to be
misused and, therefore, letting evil reign supreme in the country of his birth. This is what
we mean by an inward-looking process. This is the definition of 'Black Consciousness'.
3
(c) Gauteng Department of Education, 2013
, GAUTENG DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION SENIOR SECONDARY INTERVENTION PROGRAMME
HISTORY GRADE 12 SESSION 3 (LEARNER NOTES)
1. Study Source 1A and answer the following questions:
1.1 Explain the following historical concepts: (2 x 2) (4)
a) Black Consciousness Movement
b) Liberation
1.2 Explain how Steve Biko justifies the need for Black (2 x 2) (4)
Consciousness.
1.3 Find proof in the text where Biko suggests that Black people (1 x 3) (3)
are to a certain degree responsible for their own misuse?
1.4 What, according to Steve Biko, needs to happen to address the (2 x 2) (4)
oppression of black people in South Africa? [15]
Learner Note: When asked to find proof in the text you must find the relevant phrase or
sentence and use quotation marks.
QUESTION 2: 20 minutes
SOURCE B
The following extract is from Donald Woods 10 August 1971, the editor of the Daily
Dispatch, a liberal English newspaper in East London. Woods changed his views and
became an ardent defender of Black Consciousness and close confidante of Steve Biko.
The emergence of SASO is one of the sad manifestations of racist policy at government
level. The cornerstone of apartheid is the Bantustan policy, through which blacks are
compelled to regard themselves as separate people – a people set apart – who can
aspire to progress only on the basis of exclusivity. The result is the emergence of a
„blacks only‟ mentality among blacks. The promoters of SASO are wrong in what they are
doing. They are promoting apartheid. They are entrenching the idea of racial exclusivity
and, therefore, doing the government's work.
2.1 The source 2B refers to SASO. What was SASO? (1 x 1) (1)
2.2 In what way does Donald Woods believe that The Bantustan (2 x 2) (4)
Policy and SASO‟s objectives are similar?
2.2 Using your knowledge of SASO, argue whether or not you (3 x 2) (6)
agree with the above belief?
2.3 Using Source B and your own knowledge, explain how (2 x 2) (4)
apartheid affected black people.
[15]
Learner Note: Question 2.3 is dangerous in that it‟s easy to answer it emotionally,
instead of analysing the source and answering the question objectively. Avoid the use of
strong emotive language and try not to make unnecessary assumptions.
4
(c) Gauteng Department of Education, 2013
