mentions
thetendencyforthecharacteristicsofparentstobepassedtotheiroffspringiscalled
heredity
thescienceofgeneticsstudies
how
these anddifferenceshappens
s imilarities
andalleles
GenesDominantrecessive
are
characteristicsinherited both
from m other father
these foundatthe
g enesare same orlocusonhomologouschromosomes
p osition
analleleisusedtodescribetwoormore ofageneorgenesatthe
forms
alternative onhomologouschromosomes
locus
same
homozygous are
alleles b t
oth hes ame iebblBB
heterozygous aredifferentieBb
alleles
BBBborbbshowthegenotype
theallelesfor
the characteristics
phenotype isthedescriptionofphysicalcharacteristicsasaresultofthegenotype
adominantalleleisshownwithacapital letter
shows inthe w
phenotype henit inahomozygous heterozygouscondition
occurs
a alleleisshown
recessive
withlowercaseletters
not in
shown the when
phenotype
it inheterozygouscondition onlyhomozygousrecessive
occurs
ofgenetics
Mendel father
Mendel10221884 fromAustriamade
thefirstbreakthroughinunderstandingnowcharacteristicswereinherited
heuseavegetablepeas
with
started pure p lants
breeding
allplantswereidentical were
homozygous
foranycharacteristic
hethencrosspollinatedpurebreedingplantswith for
other
each onecharacteristic iehomozygoustanxhomozygous
short
hethenselfpollinatedthefirstgenerationtoproducethesecondgeneration
Mendelis as
regarded thefatherofgenetics
, Inheritanceandvariationimmm
and
Mononybriacrossesphenotypes andheterozygous
homozygous
g enotypes
anybridistheottspringthatresuitstromacrossbetweentwopurebreedingparentsthataregeneticanyaitterent
was
Mendel studying inheritance
m ononybria
InMendel'sinvestigation thetirstottspringproduceaiscaneathetirsttilialgenerationora
TheFlplantswere
thenselfpollinated anatheseconatilialgenerationorrewasproanced
Itwasnotedthat
thecharacteristics neverbienaedienomediumneightionistanisnort
Fioniyaisplayeatheaominantaneleietal
allele
recessive
only infoi.eshort
appeared
Mendelslawot
inheritance Lawofsegregation
an are
characteristics determined
organisms
byinternaltactorswnionoccurinpairsigenesonhomologouschromosomes
Ageneticcross
PlGenotype TT tt t short
recessive Proenotype Tt Tt
dd dd dd dd
Y
meiosis meiosis
gametes T T t t gametes T t t t
fertilization
T T µ T t
T TT Tt
t Tt tt
FlGenotypeTtTtTtTt Fabenotype TtTt.tt.tt
i loottall ratioottalitoshortistO nm mm
ratioottalitoshortiss
bitterentkinasotaominance
completeDominance
toreachpairotcharacteristicsoneisdominantanatheotherrecessive
only aominantaneleisshowninphenotype
unless recessive
homozygous
orpartialDominance
incomplete
amixtureottheaneresinthegenotypeisseeninthe phenotype
ieareaswhitetlowerproduceapinicone
codominance
bothallelesinthegenotypeareseeninthephenotypernotblended
ie abrown whitecowproducearoancow
thetendencyforthecharacteristicsofparentstobepassedtotheiroffspringiscalled
heredity
thescienceofgeneticsstudies
how
these anddifferenceshappens
s imilarities
andalleles
GenesDominantrecessive
are
characteristicsinherited both
from m other father
these foundatthe
g enesare same orlocusonhomologouschromosomes
p osition
analleleisusedtodescribetwoormore ofageneorgenesatthe
forms
alternative onhomologouschromosomes
locus
same
homozygous are
alleles b t
oth hes ame iebblBB
heterozygous aredifferentieBb
alleles
BBBborbbshowthegenotype
theallelesfor
the characteristics
phenotype isthedescriptionofphysicalcharacteristicsasaresultofthegenotype
adominantalleleisshownwithacapital letter
shows inthe w
phenotype henit inahomozygous heterozygouscondition
occurs
a alleleisshown
recessive
withlowercaseletters
not in
shown the when
phenotype
it inheterozygouscondition onlyhomozygousrecessive
occurs
ofgenetics
Mendel father
Mendel10221884 fromAustriamade
thefirstbreakthroughinunderstandingnowcharacteristicswereinherited
heuseavegetablepeas
with
started pure p lants
breeding
allplantswereidentical were
homozygous
foranycharacteristic
hethencrosspollinatedpurebreedingplantswith for
other
each onecharacteristic iehomozygoustanxhomozygous
short
hethenselfpollinatedthefirstgenerationtoproducethesecondgeneration
Mendelis as
regarded thefatherofgenetics
, Inheritanceandvariationimmm
and
Mononybriacrossesphenotypes andheterozygous
homozygous
g enotypes
anybridistheottspringthatresuitstromacrossbetweentwopurebreedingparentsthataregeneticanyaitterent
was
Mendel studying inheritance
m ononybria
InMendel'sinvestigation thetirstottspringproduceaiscaneathetirsttilialgenerationora
TheFlplantswere
thenselfpollinated anatheseconatilialgenerationorrewasproanced
Itwasnotedthat
thecharacteristics neverbienaedienomediumneightionistanisnort
Fioniyaisplayeatheaominantaneleietal
allele
recessive
only infoi.eshort
appeared
Mendelslawot
inheritance Lawofsegregation
an are
characteristics determined
organisms
byinternaltactorswnionoccurinpairsigenesonhomologouschromosomes
Ageneticcross
PlGenotype TT tt t short
recessive Proenotype Tt Tt
dd dd dd dd
Y
meiosis meiosis
gametes T T t t gametes T t t t
fertilization
T T µ T t
T TT Tt
t Tt tt
FlGenotypeTtTtTtTt Fabenotype TtTt.tt.tt
i loottall ratioottalitoshortistO nm mm
ratioottalitoshortiss
bitterentkinasotaominance
completeDominance
toreachpairotcharacteristicsoneisdominantanatheotherrecessive
only aominantaneleisshowninphenotype
unless recessive
homozygous
orpartialDominance
incomplete
amixtureottheaneresinthegenotypeisseeninthe phenotype
ieareaswhitetlowerproduceapinicone
codominance
bothallelesinthegenotypeareseeninthephenotypernotblended
ie abrown whitecowproducearoancow
