C programming language and its fundamental programming concepts

C language is considered as the mother language of all the
modern programming languages because most of the
compilers, JVMs, Kernels, etc. are written in C language, and
most of the programming languages follow C syntax, for
example, C++, Java, C#, etc.

It provides the core concepts like
the array, strings, functions, file handling, etc. that are being
used in many languages like C++, Java, C#, etc.

The C Language is developed by Dennis Ritchie for creating
system applications that directly interact with the hardware
devices such as drivers, kernels, etc.

A system programming language is used to create system
software. C language is a system programming language
because it can be used to do low-level programming (for
example driver and kernel). It is generally used to create
hardware devices, OS, drivers, kernels, etc. For example, Linux
kernel is written in C.

It can't be used for internet programming like Java, .Net, PHP,
etc.

A procedure is known as a function, method, routine,
subroutine, etc. A procedural language specifies a series of
steps for the program to solve the problem.

A procedural language breaks the program into functions, data
structures, etc.

, C is a procedural language. In C, variables and function
prototypes must be declared before being used.

A structured programming language is a subset of the
procedural language. Structure means to break a program into
parts or blocks so that it may be easy to understand.In the C
language, we break the program into parts using functions. It
makes the program easier to understand and modify.

C is considered as a middle-level language because it supports
the feature of both low-level and high-level languages. C
language program is converted into assembly code, it supports
pointer arithmetic (low-level), but it is machine independent (a
feature of high-level).

A Low-level language is specific to one machine, i.e., machine
dependent. It is machine dependent, fast to run. But it is not
easy to understand.

A High-Level language is not specific to one machine, i.e.,
machine independent. It is easy to understand.



C programs are given with C compiler so that you can quickly
change the C program code.

File: main.c



1. #include <stdio.h>
2. int main() {
3. printf("Hello C Programming\n");
4. return 0;
5. }

,Advantages of learning C Programming:
Easy to learn
Structured language
It produces efficient programs
It can handle low-level activities
It can be compiled on a variety of computer platforms




Features of C Language

C is the widely used language. It provides many features that
are given below.

1. Simple
2. Machine Independent or Portable
3. Mid-level programming language
4. structured programming language
5. Rich Library
6. Memory Management
7. Fast Speed
8. Pointers
9. Recursion
10. Extensible

, 1) Simple

C is a simple language in the sense that it provides a structured
approach (to break the problem into parts), the rich set of
library functions, data types, etc.



2) Machine Independent or Portable

Unlike assembly language, c programs can be executed on
different machines with some machine specific changes.
Therefore, C is a machine independent language.



3) Mid-level programming language

Although, C is intended to do low-level programming. It is used
to develop system applications such as kernel, driver, etc.
It also supports the features of a high-level language. That is
why it is known as mid-level language.



4) Structured programming language

C is a structured programming language in the sense that we
can break the program into parts using functions. So, it is easy
to understand and modify. Functions also provide code
reusability.



5) Rich Library