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Class notes

Grade 12 IEB Physical Sciences Force Notes

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Comprehensive notes on forces and Newton's laws. Includes all information needed for Grade 12 IEB Physical Sciences Paper 1. Written according to 2026 SAGS, please check for accuracy.

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, Forces
·



force :
a push or a pull
-measured in N

-vector quantity ; has magnitude + direction




Types of Forces

1 .
Contact Force :




friction tension normal force
-




, ,




.
2 Non-Contact Force :




ac ts through space

magnetic force ; weight ; electrostatic
-




Weight Gravity
+




·




weight force
:
due to gravity ;
acts toward object centre

weight-mass- acceleration


fg m
g]
= .




2

9 8 m
.
.
s


·



If Fapplied =
Fg ; object is not moving/moving at constant velocity
·


If Fapplied [Fg ; object accelerates ↑

If Fapplied [Fg ; object accelerates &
·




Free Body Diagrams
object is not in diagram
·




·


consists of a dot wh arrows


include a key if writing in short hand


M

Eg horizontal plane Key
:
:



T
1) Fg weight
-


:

FN

-
⑨


a) FN :
normal force
S




3) Ff : friction
~
Ff
& ⑨ > FA
9) Fa : face applied (push)



Definitions
~
Fg
Force (Fri) force exerted surface
normal I
by
· :




Eg 2: inclined plane
·




weight (Fg)
:
Force due to gravity
·


Friction (FF) :
Force that opposes on objects motion ; 11 to surface
rFN
heavy object = ↑ friction

tension (T) :
Force coming from connector Crope cable)
·




⑲ ,



Ff
L




-Eg

Document information

Schooljaar
200
Uploaded on
November 3, 2026
Number of pages
15
Written in
2026/2027
Type
Class notes
Professor(s)
Ieb
Contains
All classes
R180,00

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