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Summary Graad 12 Organiese Chemie: Benaming, Reëls en Voorbeelde

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'n In diepte IUPAC benaming gids. Die opsomming kombineer "colour coded" notas sowel as 'n gids wat benaming , voorbeelde en identifiseering van Homoloë Reeks in diepte behandel!

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Organiese Chemie
Graad 12

, Homoloë reeks Voorbeeld 1 → 9
Funksionele groep Naameinde Eienskappe Swak tot sterk
Algemene fomule Struktuur formule, Gekondenseerde formule, Naam IMK

1
1. Alkaan/Alkane
Enkelbindings
H H H
Enkelbindings
CH3CH2CH3 Polariteit: Nie-pôler
| | | | | IMK: London
—C — C— —aan H— C
3 — C2 — C1 —H
| | | | | Reaksies: Eliminasie, Substitusie,
CnH2n+2 H H H Propaan Verbranding
2
Dubbelbindings H H Dubbelbindings
2. Alkeen/Alkene H | | CH3 CHCH3 of CH3CHCH3 Polariteit: Nie-pôler
C—C -een C3 C2 — C1 —H IMK: London




|
H |
CnH2n H Propeen Reaksies: Addisie, Verbranding
3
Trippelbindings CH3 CH of CH3CCH of
3. Alkyn/Alkyne H Trippelbindin
Polariteit: Nie-pôler
| gs CHCCH3
—C—C— -yn H— C
3 — C2 — C1 —H IMK: London
||




||
|
CnH2n-2 H Propyn Reaksies: Addisie

4 X kan Cℓ, Br,
4. Haloalkaan/Alkielhalied I of F wees -aan H Cℓ H CH3CHCℓCH3
| | | | Polariteit: Pôler
(kan ook
X— C— H— C 3 — C — C —H
2 1 IMK: Dipool-Dipool
| eindig met - | | |
CnH2n+1 + X H H H 2-Chloropropaan Reaksies: Eliminasie, Substitusie
een of -yn)
Vanaf nommer 5 kry 8 H Hidroksiel
5. Alkohol elke groep ‘n -an- in die Hidroksiel H H I
CH3CH2CH2OH Polariteit: Pôler
O
naam | | | I IMK: Sterk waterstofbinding
— C — O—H -ol H— C
3 — C2 — C1 —H
| | | | Reaksies: Eliminasie, Substitusie,
CnH2n+2 + O H H H Propan-1-ol Verbranding, Esterfikasie
5 Formiel
6. Aldehied O H H O CH3CH2CHO
|| Formiel | | || Polariteit: Pôler
Funksionele Isomere




— C —H -aal H— C
3 — C2 — C1 —H
| | IMK: Dipool-Dipool
CnH2n + O H H Propanaal
6 Karboniel

7. Ketoon/Ketone O H O H CH3COCH3
|| Karboniel | || | Polariteit: Pôler
—C— -oon H— C 3 — C — C1 —H
2
| | IMK: Dipool-Dipool
CnH2n + O H H Propan-2-oon of Propanoon
9 Karboksiel Karboksiel
8. Karboksielsure O
||
H
|
H
|
O
||
CH3CH2COOH Polariteit: Pôler
— C —O —H -oësuur H— C — C2 — C1 —O —H IMK: Sterk Waterstofbinding
Funksionele Isomere




3
| |
CnH2n + O2 H H Propanoësuur Reaksies: Esterfikasie
7 Karboniel
9. Esters O Karboniel H H O H H CH3CH2COOCH2CH3 Polariteit: Pôler
|| | | || | |
— C — O— -oaat H— C
3 —C—C—O—C—
2 1 1 C—H 2 IMK: Dipool-Dipool
| | | |
CnH2n + O2 H H H H Etielpropanoaat Reaksies: Gevorm deur Esterfikasie
Prop Etiel

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Uploaded on
October 21, 2026
File latest updated on
October 22, 2026
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Summary
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