1
AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES
GRADE 11
TERM 3_2026
Resources: LDE/Term3_2023, EC/NOVEMBER 2022, EC/NOVEMBER 2020. WCED
Revision Booklet 2025
IMAGES: Canva and AI-generated images based on typical examination-style questions.
Important:
These study notes are revised and updated annually to align with the CAPS curriculum and
current examination requirements. The content is based on past examination papers,
tests and typical assessment question patterns.
The content was adapted and structured for examination preparation purposes. AI tools
were used to assist with formatting, rephrasing and differentiation.
These notes are designed to help learners:
• Understand key concepts
• Practise exam-style questions
• Identify important themes and patterns in assessments
• Revise important content in a structured way
To ensure learners work with the most relevant and up-to-date content, parents and
learners are encouraged to confirm that they are using the latest version of the notes. If you
are unsure whether you have the latest version, please feel free to contact me at:
Please note that these notes are compiled as a structured study aid for examination
preparation. They do not replace the prescribed textbook or classroom instruction.
Important: Learners can use the Term 3 notes for focused Term 3 preparation. Where
applicable, it is also recommended that learners revise Term 1 and Term 2 notes together
with the Term 3 notes.
Good luck
Juffrou Ansie
© 2026 Juffrou Ansie Study Notes. All rights reserved. This material may not be reproduced or distributed
without written permission.
, 2
CONTENTS
PLANT NUTRITION 5
MINERAL NUTRITION 14
PLANT NUTRITION SURVEY AND ANALYSIS 18
ORGANIC AND INORGANIC FERTILIZERS 21
PLANT REPRODUCTION 29
IRRIGATION / ABLATION 33
SEED GERMINATION 36
Pivot irrigation system
Abalone Aquaculture production system placed in the sea or dams
Ablactation The fall of flowers or fruits within the first ten days.
Aquaculture The industry of farming or breeding fish. In SA, species such as
trout, catfish and carp are bred.
Autotrophic Living organisms that can produce their own organic food.
Band placement Adding fertilizer to one or both sides of a row of plants or under
plants
Basal application Applying fertilizer during planting
Biotechnology The manipulation of living things to make useful products
Broadcast Broadcasting is the even distribution of a fertilizer over the surface
of a field.
Broadcast The even distribution of fertilizer over the entire surface of a land
Cane sugar The most important disaccharide in higher plants.
(sucrose)
Carotene The yellow pigments such as lutein in plants are carotenes
Cultivation To prepare soil for growing crops.
Fertilization The fusion of male and female gametes.
Fertilization Fertilizer is dissolved in irrigation water and applied using irrigation
infrastructure
Fertilizers Substances added to soil to improve the nutritional status of soil.
Flood irrigation The oldest form of irrigation in the world is flood irrigation.
© 2026 Juffrou Ansie Study Notes. All rights reserved. This material may not be reproduced or distributed
without written permission.
, 3
Foliar application Plant nutrients are dissolved in water and sprayed onto leaves
Herringbone The herringbone is the most suitable drainage system on a plot of
land that has a distinct depression in the middle.
Hydroponics The method of growing plants without soil using mineral nutrients
dissolved in water.
Molybdenum 'Whiptail' in cabbage leaves is a deficiency symptom of
molybdenum
Parthenocarpy The production of fruit without fertilization of ovules
Photolysis Splitting of water molecules into hydrogen and oxygen atoms in the
presence of light energy.
Gypsum A white or gray material consisting of hydrated calcium sulfate
(CaSO4.2H2O).
Pollination Transfer of ripe pollen grains from anthers to stigmas
Potatoes An example of a tuber is potatoes.
Radicle The embryonic root is called the radicle.
Slack Soft, weak, limp cells caused by loss of water
Stroma The dark phase occurs in the stroma
Use of fire Use of fire is an example of mechanical weed control.
Xylem Plant tissue that transports water from the roots to the other parts
of the plant
Active ion the absorption of plant nutrient elements from soil against the
adsorption concentration gradient.
Adhesion The force of attraction between two different molecules
Ammonia gas The most important raw material in the production of nitrogenous
fertilizers
Anther The production of pollen
Apoplastic Free movement of water via the intercellular spaces and cell walls
of plant cells
Band placing The adding of fertilisers on one or both sides of a row of plants or
underneath plants.
Basal application Application of fertiliser at planting.
Broadcasting More or less uniform spreading of fertiliser over the area planted or
to be planted
Carrier molecule The active absorption of cations in the plant cell takes place by
means of the carrier molecule
Complete A fertilizer containing all the three major minerals N, P and K
fertilizers
© 2026 Juffrou Ansie Study Notes. All rights reserved. This material may not be reproduced or distributed
without written permission.
, 4
Compost An organic fertiliser that is made from household waste, kitchen
waste, etc.
Diffusion Passive move of nutrients from a higher concentration to a lower
concentration.
Double This occurs when two different fusions occur inside the ovule
fertilization during the fertilization process.
Evaporation Direct loss of soil water to the atmosphere.
Fertigation Fertilizer is dissolved in irrigation water and applied using irrigation
infrastructure.
Fertilizer A substance added to improve the nutrient status of the soil.
Foliar spray Plant nutrients are dissolved in water and sprayed onto leaves.
Gametophyte The structure of the germinating pollen tube with the male
gametes
Glucose During photosynthesis glucose is the starting molecule from which
other complex compounds are formed.
Green manuring The ploughing under of freshly growing crop into the soil.
Inorganic This inorganic fertilizer mixture contains a combination of mineral
fertilization (NPK) single fertilizers and is necessary for plant growth and fruit
development.
Open flow system Fish culture system
Osmosis Requires a selectively permeable membrane to perform its
function
Osmosis The movement of nutrients from a higher concentration of water
molecules to a lower concentration through a semi-permeable
membrane.
Parthenocarpy Production of fruit without fertilization of the ovules
Photosynthesis The process whereby plants manufacture their own food.
Pistil The pistil of the flower consists of the stigma, style and ovary.
Rhizobium Legumes fix nitrogen using a bacterium that lives in the nodules on
their roots.
Stamen the male reproductive part of a flower, which produces pollen
Symptoms Signs of nutrient shortage in plants.
Trace/Micro- Group name for minerals needed in very small quantities by plants
elements
Transpiration Loss of water through plant leaves.
© 2026 Juffrou Ansie Study Notes. All rights reserved. This material may not be reproduced or distributed
without written permission.
AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES
GRADE 11
TERM 3_2026
Resources: LDE/Term3_2023, EC/NOVEMBER 2022, EC/NOVEMBER 2020. WCED
Revision Booklet 2025
IMAGES: Canva and AI-generated images based on typical examination-style questions.
Important:
These study notes are revised and updated annually to align with the CAPS curriculum and
current examination requirements. The content is based on past examination papers,
tests and typical assessment question patterns.
The content was adapted and structured for examination preparation purposes. AI tools
were used to assist with formatting, rephrasing and differentiation.
These notes are designed to help learners:
• Understand key concepts
• Practise exam-style questions
• Identify important themes and patterns in assessments
• Revise important content in a structured way
To ensure learners work with the most relevant and up-to-date content, parents and
learners are encouraged to confirm that they are using the latest version of the notes. If you
are unsure whether you have the latest version, please feel free to contact me at:
Please note that these notes are compiled as a structured study aid for examination
preparation. They do not replace the prescribed textbook or classroom instruction.
Important: Learners can use the Term 3 notes for focused Term 3 preparation. Where
applicable, it is also recommended that learners revise Term 1 and Term 2 notes together
with the Term 3 notes.
Good luck
Juffrou Ansie
© 2026 Juffrou Ansie Study Notes. All rights reserved. This material may not be reproduced or distributed
without written permission.
, 2
CONTENTS
PLANT NUTRITION 5
MINERAL NUTRITION 14
PLANT NUTRITION SURVEY AND ANALYSIS 18
ORGANIC AND INORGANIC FERTILIZERS 21
PLANT REPRODUCTION 29
IRRIGATION / ABLATION 33
SEED GERMINATION 36
Pivot irrigation system
Abalone Aquaculture production system placed in the sea or dams
Ablactation The fall of flowers or fruits within the first ten days.
Aquaculture The industry of farming or breeding fish. In SA, species such as
trout, catfish and carp are bred.
Autotrophic Living organisms that can produce their own organic food.
Band placement Adding fertilizer to one or both sides of a row of plants or under
plants
Basal application Applying fertilizer during planting
Biotechnology The manipulation of living things to make useful products
Broadcast Broadcasting is the even distribution of a fertilizer over the surface
of a field.
Broadcast The even distribution of fertilizer over the entire surface of a land
Cane sugar The most important disaccharide in higher plants.
(sucrose)
Carotene The yellow pigments such as lutein in plants are carotenes
Cultivation To prepare soil for growing crops.
Fertilization The fusion of male and female gametes.
Fertilization Fertilizer is dissolved in irrigation water and applied using irrigation
infrastructure
Fertilizers Substances added to soil to improve the nutritional status of soil.
Flood irrigation The oldest form of irrigation in the world is flood irrigation.
© 2026 Juffrou Ansie Study Notes. All rights reserved. This material may not be reproduced or distributed
without written permission.
, 3
Foliar application Plant nutrients are dissolved in water and sprayed onto leaves
Herringbone The herringbone is the most suitable drainage system on a plot of
land that has a distinct depression in the middle.
Hydroponics The method of growing plants without soil using mineral nutrients
dissolved in water.
Molybdenum 'Whiptail' in cabbage leaves is a deficiency symptom of
molybdenum
Parthenocarpy The production of fruit without fertilization of ovules
Photolysis Splitting of water molecules into hydrogen and oxygen atoms in the
presence of light energy.
Gypsum A white or gray material consisting of hydrated calcium sulfate
(CaSO4.2H2O).
Pollination Transfer of ripe pollen grains from anthers to stigmas
Potatoes An example of a tuber is potatoes.
Radicle The embryonic root is called the radicle.
Slack Soft, weak, limp cells caused by loss of water
Stroma The dark phase occurs in the stroma
Use of fire Use of fire is an example of mechanical weed control.
Xylem Plant tissue that transports water from the roots to the other parts
of the plant
Active ion the absorption of plant nutrient elements from soil against the
adsorption concentration gradient.
Adhesion The force of attraction between two different molecules
Ammonia gas The most important raw material in the production of nitrogenous
fertilizers
Anther The production of pollen
Apoplastic Free movement of water via the intercellular spaces and cell walls
of plant cells
Band placing The adding of fertilisers on one or both sides of a row of plants or
underneath plants.
Basal application Application of fertiliser at planting.
Broadcasting More or less uniform spreading of fertiliser over the area planted or
to be planted
Carrier molecule The active absorption of cations in the plant cell takes place by
means of the carrier molecule
Complete A fertilizer containing all the three major minerals N, P and K
fertilizers
© 2026 Juffrou Ansie Study Notes. All rights reserved. This material may not be reproduced or distributed
without written permission.
, 4
Compost An organic fertiliser that is made from household waste, kitchen
waste, etc.
Diffusion Passive move of nutrients from a higher concentration to a lower
concentration.
Double This occurs when two different fusions occur inside the ovule
fertilization during the fertilization process.
Evaporation Direct loss of soil water to the atmosphere.
Fertigation Fertilizer is dissolved in irrigation water and applied using irrigation
infrastructure.
Fertilizer A substance added to improve the nutrient status of the soil.
Foliar spray Plant nutrients are dissolved in water and sprayed onto leaves.
Gametophyte The structure of the germinating pollen tube with the male
gametes
Glucose During photosynthesis glucose is the starting molecule from which
other complex compounds are formed.
Green manuring The ploughing under of freshly growing crop into the soil.
Inorganic This inorganic fertilizer mixture contains a combination of mineral
fertilization (NPK) single fertilizers and is necessary for plant growth and fruit
development.
Open flow system Fish culture system
Osmosis Requires a selectively permeable membrane to perform its
function
Osmosis The movement of nutrients from a higher concentration of water
molecules to a lower concentration through a semi-permeable
membrane.
Parthenocarpy Production of fruit without fertilization of the ovules
Photosynthesis The process whereby plants manufacture their own food.
Pistil The pistil of the flower consists of the stigma, style and ovary.
Rhizobium Legumes fix nitrogen using a bacterium that lives in the nodules on
their roots.
Stamen the male reproductive part of a flower, which produces pollen
Symptoms Signs of nutrient shortage in plants.
Trace/Micro- Group name for minerals needed in very small quantities by plants
elements
Transpiration Loss of water through plant leaves.
© 2026 Juffrou Ansie Study Notes. All rights reserved. This material may not be reproduced or distributed
without written permission.
