,EVERYTHING MATHS
GRADE 11 MATHEMATICS
VERSION 1 CAPS
WRITTEN BY VOLUNTEERS
, COPYRIGHT NOTICE
Your freedom to legally copy this book
You are allowed and encouraged to copy any of the Everything Maths and Everything Science
textbooks. You can legally photocopy any page or even the entire book. You can download it
from www.everythingmaths.co.za and www.everythingscience.co.za, read it on your phone,
tablet, iPad, or computer. You can burn it to CD, put on your flash drive, e-mail it around or
upload it to your website.
The only restriction is that you have to keep this book, its cover, title, contents and short-codes
unchanged.
This book was derived from the original Free High School Science Texts written by volunteer
academics, educators and industry professionals. Everything Maths and Everything Science
are trademarks of Siyavula Education.
For more information about the Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivs 3.0 Unported
(CC BY-ND 3.0) license see http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/
, AUTHORS AND CONTRIBUTORS
Siyavula Education
Siyavula Education is a social enterprise launched in 2012 with capital and support from the
PSG Group Limited and the Shuttleworth Foundation. The Everything Maths and Science
series is one of the titles developed and openly released by Siyavula. For more information
about the writing and distribution of these or other openly licensed titles:
www.siyavula.com
021 469 4771
Siyavula Authors
Alison Jenkin; Marina van Zyl; Dr. Carl Scheffler
Siyavula and DBE team
Neels van der Westhuizen; Leonard Gumani Mudau; Ewald Zietsman; Bridget Nash;
Pertunia Mpho Letwaba; Josephine Mamaroke Phatlane; William Buthane Chauke;
Nicola du Toit; Heather Williams
Siyavula and Free High School Science Text contributors
Dr. Mark Horner; Dr. Samuel Halliday; Dr. Sarah Blyth; Dr. Rory Adams; Dr. Spencer Wheaton
Iesrafeel Abbas; Sarah Abel; Dr. Rory Adams; Andrea Africa; Wiehan Agenbag; Matthew Amundsen; Ben Anhalt; Prashant
Arora; Amos Baloyi; Bongani Baloyi; Raymond Barbour; Caro-Joy Barendse; Richard Baxter; Tara Beckerling; Tim van Beek;
Mariaan Bester; Jennifer de Beyer; Dr. Sarah Blyth; Sebastian Bodenstein; Martin Bongers; Thinus Booysen; Gareth Boxall;
Stephan Brandt; Hannes Breytenbach; Alexander Briell; Wilbur Britz; Graeme Broster; Craig Brown; Michail Brynard; Deanne
de Bude; Richard Burge; Bianca Bˆhmer; Jan Buys; George Calder-Potts; Eleanor Cameron; Mark Carolissen; Shane Carollis-
son; Richard Case; Sithembile Cele; Alice Chang; Richard Cheng; Fanny Cherblanc; Dr. Christine Chung; Brett Cocks; RochÈ
Compaan; Willem Conradie; Stefaan Conradie; Rocco Coppejans; Tim Craib; Andrew Craig; Tim Crombie; Dan Crytser; Jock
Currie; Dr. Anne Dabrowski; Laura Daniels; Gareth Davies; Sandra Dickson; Sean Dobbs; Buhle Donga; William Donkin; Esmi
Dreyer; Matthew Duddy; Christel Durie; Fernando Durrell; Dr. Dan Dwyer; Frans van Eeden; Alexander Ellis; Tom Ellis; Andrew
Fisher; Giovanni Franzoni; Olivia Gillett; Ingrid von Glehn; Tamara von Glehn; Lindsay Glesener; Kevin Godby; Dr. Vanessa
Godfrey; Terence Goldberg; Dr. Johan Gonzalez; Saaligha Gool; Hemant Gopal; Dr. Stephanie Gould; Umeshree Govender;
Heather Gray; Lynn Greeff; Jaco Greyling; Martli Greyvenstein; Carine Grobbelaar; Suzanne GrovÈ; Dr. Tom Gutierrez; Brooke
Haag; Kate Hadley; Alex Hall; Dr. Sam Halliday; Asheena Hanuman; Dr. Melanie Dymond Harper; Ebrahim Harris; Dr. Nicho-
las Harrison; Neil Hart; Nicholas Hatcher; Jason Hayden; Laura Hayward; Dr. William P. Heal; Pierre van Heerden; Dr. Fritha
Hennessy; Dr. Colleen Henning; Shaun Hewitson; Millie Hilgart; Grant Hillebrand; Nick Hobbs; Chris Holdsworth; Dr. Benne
Holwerda; Dr. Mark Horner; Robert Hovden; Mfandaidza Hove; Jennifer Hsieh; George Hugo; Laura Huss; Prof. Ed Jacobs
GRADE 11 MATHEMATICS
VERSION 1 CAPS
WRITTEN BY VOLUNTEERS
, COPYRIGHT NOTICE
Your freedom to legally copy this book
You are allowed and encouraged to copy any of the Everything Maths and Everything Science
textbooks. You can legally photocopy any page or even the entire book. You can download it
from www.everythingmaths.co.za and www.everythingscience.co.za, read it on your phone,
tablet, iPad, or computer. You can burn it to CD, put on your flash drive, e-mail it around or
upload it to your website.
The only restriction is that you have to keep this book, its cover, title, contents and short-codes
unchanged.
This book was derived from the original Free High School Science Texts written by volunteer
academics, educators and industry professionals. Everything Maths and Everything Science
are trademarks of Siyavula Education.
For more information about the Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivs 3.0 Unported
(CC BY-ND 3.0) license see http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/
, AUTHORS AND CONTRIBUTORS
Siyavula Education
Siyavula Education is a social enterprise launched in 2012 with capital and support from the
PSG Group Limited and the Shuttleworth Foundation. The Everything Maths and Science
series is one of the titles developed and openly released by Siyavula. For more information
about the writing and distribution of these or other openly licensed titles:
www.siyavula.com
021 469 4771
Siyavula Authors
Alison Jenkin; Marina van Zyl; Dr. Carl Scheffler
Siyavula and DBE team
Neels van der Westhuizen; Leonard Gumani Mudau; Ewald Zietsman; Bridget Nash;
Pertunia Mpho Letwaba; Josephine Mamaroke Phatlane; William Buthane Chauke;
Nicola du Toit; Heather Williams
Siyavula and Free High School Science Text contributors
Dr. Mark Horner; Dr. Samuel Halliday; Dr. Sarah Blyth; Dr. Rory Adams; Dr. Spencer Wheaton
Iesrafeel Abbas; Sarah Abel; Dr. Rory Adams; Andrea Africa; Wiehan Agenbag; Matthew Amundsen; Ben Anhalt; Prashant
Arora; Amos Baloyi; Bongani Baloyi; Raymond Barbour; Caro-Joy Barendse; Richard Baxter; Tara Beckerling; Tim van Beek;
Mariaan Bester; Jennifer de Beyer; Dr. Sarah Blyth; Sebastian Bodenstein; Martin Bongers; Thinus Booysen; Gareth Boxall;
Stephan Brandt; Hannes Breytenbach; Alexander Briell; Wilbur Britz; Graeme Broster; Craig Brown; Michail Brynard; Deanne
de Bude; Richard Burge; Bianca Bˆhmer; Jan Buys; George Calder-Potts; Eleanor Cameron; Mark Carolissen; Shane Carollis-
son; Richard Case; Sithembile Cele; Alice Chang; Richard Cheng; Fanny Cherblanc; Dr. Christine Chung; Brett Cocks; RochÈ
Compaan; Willem Conradie; Stefaan Conradie; Rocco Coppejans; Tim Craib; Andrew Craig; Tim Crombie; Dan Crytser; Jock
Currie; Dr. Anne Dabrowski; Laura Daniels; Gareth Davies; Sandra Dickson; Sean Dobbs; Buhle Donga; William Donkin; Esmi
Dreyer; Matthew Duddy; Christel Durie; Fernando Durrell; Dr. Dan Dwyer; Frans van Eeden; Alexander Ellis; Tom Ellis; Andrew
Fisher; Giovanni Franzoni; Olivia Gillett; Ingrid von Glehn; Tamara von Glehn; Lindsay Glesener; Kevin Godby; Dr. Vanessa
Godfrey; Terence Goldberg; Dr. Johan Gonzalez; Saaligha Gool; Hemant Gopal; Dr. Stephanie Gould; Umeshree Govender;
Heather Gray; Lynn Greeff; Jaco Greyling; Martli Greyvenstein; Carine Grobbelaar; Suzanne GrovÈ; Dr. Tom Gutierrez; Brooke
Haag; Kate Hadley; Alex Hall; Dr. Sam Halliday; Asheena Hanuman; Dr. Melanie Dymond Harper; Ebrahim Harris; Dr. Nicho-
las Harrison; Neil Hart; Nicholas Hatcher; Jason Hayden; Laura Hayward; Dr. William P. Heal; Pierre van Heerden; Dr. Fritha
Hennessy; Dr. Colleen Henning; Shaun Hewitson; Millie Hilgart; Grant Hillebrand; Nick Hobbs; Chris Holdsworth; Dr. Benne
Holwerda; Dr. Mark Horner; Robert Hovden; Mfandaidza Hove; Jennifer Hsieh; George Hugo; Laura Huss; Prof. Ed Jacobs
