Samenvatting Ontwikkelingspsychopathologie | bachelor + pre-master; (forensische) orthopedagogiek |UvA | 2025/26

,Inhoudsopgave
CLASSIFICATIE, DIAGNOSTIEK EN EPIDEMIOLOGIE............................................6
1.1 CLASSIFICEREN.............................................................................................................. 6
1.2 DIAGNOSTIEK................................................................................................................ 7
Classificeren versus diagnostiek.................................................................................7
1.3 COMORBIDITEIT............................................................................................................. 7
1.4 CLASSIFICATIESYSTEMEN................................................................................................. 7
DSM-5-TR.................................................................................................................... 7
Child behavior checklist (CBCL)..................................................................................8
ICD-11: International Classification of Diseases..........................................................8
DC: 0-5 (2016): Diagnostic Classifivation of Mental Health and Developmental
Disorders in Infancy and Early Childhood, Zero to Five...............................................8
Categoriaal versus dimensionaal................................................................................8
1.5 PSYCHOPATHOLOGIE....................................................................................................... 9
Bio-ecologische model van Bronfenbrenner................................................................9
Sociaal-culturele context............................................................................................. 9
Culturele invloeden................................................................................................... 10
SLAAPSTOORNISSEN....................................................................................10
2.1 NORMALE ONTWIKKELING.............................................................................................. 10
De slaapcyclus.......................................................................................................... 11
2.2 PROBLEMATIEK............................................................................................................ 11
2.3 STOORNISSEN............................................................................................................. 11
Dyssomnia................................................................................................................ 12
Parasomnia............................................................................................................... 12
Slaapgebonden bewegingsstoornissen.....................................................................13
2.4 COMORBIDITEIT........................................................................................................... 13
2.5 PREVALENTIE.............................................................................................................. 13
2.6 RISICO- EN BESCHERMINGSFACTOREN..............................................................................13
Risicofactoren........................................................................................................... 13
Beschermingsfactoren..............................................................................................14
2.7 BEHANDELINGEN......................................................................................................... 14
VOEDINGSSTOORNISSEN...............................................................................14
3.1 STOORNISSEN............................................................................................................. 14
Pica........................................................................................................................... 14
Ruminatiestoornis..................................................................................................... 15
Vermijdende/restrictieve voedselinname..................................................................15
3.2 DIFFERENTIAALDIAGNOSE.............................................................................................. 15
3.3 COMORBIDITEIT........................................................................................................... 15
3.4 PREVALENTIE.............................................................................................................. 15
3.5 SEKSEVERSCHILLEN...................................................................................................... 15
3.6 RISICO- EN BESCHERMINGSFACTOREN..............................................................................15
Risicofactoren........................................................................................................... 15
Beschermingsfactoren..............................................................................................16
3.7 BEHANDELING............................................................................................................. 16
GEHECHTHEID EN HECHTINGSSTOORNISSEN..................................................16
4.1 NORMALE ONTWIKKELING.............................................................................................. 16
Gehechtheidtheorie ‘cirkel van veiligheid’................................................................17
Intern werkmodel...................................................................................................... 17
4.2 SOORTEN HECHTING..................................................................................................... 17
4.3 HECHTINGSSTOORNISSEN.............................................................................................. 17
De reactieve hechtingsstoornis.................................................................................17
De ontremd-sociaalcontactstoornis...........................................................................17
4.4 DIFFERENTIAALDIAGNOSE.............................................................................................. 18
4.5 COMORBIDITEIT........................................................................................................... 18
4.6 SEKSEVERSCHILLEN...................................................................................................... 18

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, 4.7 RISICO- EN BESCHERMINGSFACTOREN..............................................................................18
Risicofactoren........................................................................................................... 18
Beschermingsfactoren..............................................................................................19
4.8 BEHANDELING............................................................................................................. 19
AUTISMESPECTRUMSTOORNIS.......................................................................19
5.1 NORMALE ONTWIKKELING.............................................................................................. 19
5.2 GESCHIEDENIS VAN AUTISME.......................................................................................... 20
5.3 STOORNIS.................................................................................................................. 20
Verklaringen/ oorzaak............................................................................................... 20
5.4 DIFFERENTIAALDIAGNOSE.............................................................................................. 21
5.5 COMORBIDITEIT........................................................................................................... 21
5.6 SEKSEVERSCHILLEN...................................................................................................... 21
5.7 RISICO- EN BESCHERMINGSFACTOREN..............................................................................21
Risicofactoren........................................................................................................... 21
Beschermingsfactoren..............................................................................................21
5.8 BEHANDELING............................................................................................................. 21
ZINDELIJK WORDEN EN ZINDELIJKHEIDSTOORNISSEN.....................................22
6.1 NORMALE ONTWIKKELING.............................................................................................. 22
6.2 STOORNIS.................................................................................................................. 23
Enuresis.................................................................................................................... 23
Encopresis................................................................................................................. 23
6.3 Differentiaaldiagnose.......................................................................................... 23
6.4 COMORBIDITEIT........................................................................................................... 23
6.5 PREVALENTIE.............................................................................................................. 23
6.6 SEKSEVERSCHILLEN...................................................................................................... 24
6.7 RISICO- EN BESCHERMINGSFACTOREN..............................................................................24
Risicofactoren........................................................................................................... 24
Beschermingsfactoren..............................................................................................24
6.8 BEHANDELING............................................................................................................. 25
ZELFREGULATIE EN AANDACHTSDEFICIËNTIE-/ HYPERACTIVITEITSSTOORNIS
(ADHD)........................................................................................................ 25
7.1 NORMALE ONTWIKKELING.............................................................................................. 25
7.2 STOORNIS.................................................................................................................. 25
Soorten ADHD........................................................................................................... 25
Prevalentie................................................................................................................ 25
7.3 DIFERENTIAALDIAGNOSE................................................................................................ 26
7.4 COMORBIDITEIT........................................................................................................... 26
7.5 SEKSEVERSCHILLEN...................................................................................................... 26
7.6 RISICO- EN BESCHERMINGSFACTOREN..............................................................................26
Risicofactoren........................................................................................................... 26
Beschermingsfactoren..............................................................................................26
7.7 BEHANDELING............................................................................................................. 27
AGRESSIE EN GEDRAGSSTOORNISSEN...........................................................27
8.1 NORMALE ONTWIKKELING.............................................................................................. 27
8.2 STOORNIS.................................................................................................................. 27
Oppositionele-opstandige stoornis (ODD).................................................................27
Normoverschrijdend-gedragsstoornis (conduct disorder; CD)...................................27
CD met beperkte emoties......................................................................................... 28
8.3 DIFFERENTIAALDIAGNOSE.............................................................................................. 28
8.4 COMORBIDITEIT........................................................................................................... 28
8.5 PREVALENTIE.............................................................................................................. 28
8.6 RISICO- EN BESCHERMINGSFACTOREN..............................................................................28
8.7 BEHANDELING............................................................................................................. 29
ANGST EN ANGSTSTOORNISSEN....................................................................29


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, 9.1 NORMALE ONTWIKKELING.............................................................................................. 29
9.2 STOORNISSEN............................................................................................................. 29
Seperatieangststoornis (SAS)....................................................................................29
Paniekstoornis........................................................................................................... 29
Agorafobie (pleinvrees)............................................................................................. 30
Specifieke fobie......................................................................................................... 30
Sociale-angststoornis................................................................................................ 30
Selectief mutisme..................................................................................................... 30
Gegeneraliseerde angststoornis................................................................................30
9.3 DIFFERENTIAALDIAGNOSE.............................................................................................. 30
9.4 COMORBIDITEIT........................................................................................................... 30
9.5 RISICO- EN BESCHERMINGSFACTOREN..............................................................................30
Risicofactoren........................................................................................................... 30
Beschermingsfactoren..............................................................................................31
9.6 BEHANDELING............................................................................................................. 31
STEMMING EN STEMMINGSSTOORNISSEN......................................................32
10.1 NORMALE ONTWIKKELING............................................................................................ 32
10.2 STOORNISSEN........................................................................................................... 32
Unipolaire stoornissen...............................................................................................32
Bipolaire stoornissen.................................................................................................33
10.3 DIFFERENTIAALDIAGNOSE............................................................................................ 33
10.4 COMORBIDITEIT......................................................................................................... 33
10.5 SEKSEVERSCHILLEN.................................................................................................... 33
10.6 RISICO- EN BESCHERMINGSFACTOREN............................................................................34
Risicofactoren........................................................................................................... 34
Beschermingsfactoren..............................................................................................34
10.7 BEHANDELING........................................................................................................... 34
ETEN EN EETSTOORNISSEN...........................................................................35
11.1 STOORNISSEN........................................................................................................... 35
Obesitas.................................................................................................................... 35
Eetbuistoornis........................................................................................................... 35
Anorexia nervosa...................................................................................................... 35
Boulimia nervosa...................................................................................................... 35
Andere gespecificeerde of ongespecificeerde eetstoornissen...................................35
11.2 DIFFERENTIAALDIAGNOSE............................................................................................ 36
11.3 COMORBIDITEIT......................................................................................................... 36
Obsesitas.................................................................................................................. 36
Overige stoornissen..................................................................................................36
11.4 SEKSEVERSCHILLEN.................................................................................................... 36
Anorexia nervosa...................................................................................................... 36
Boulimia nervosa...................................................................................................... 36
11.5 RISICO- EN BESCHERMINGSFACTOREN............................................................................36
RISICOFACTOREN BIJ OBESITAS............................................................................................. 36
RISICOFACTOREN BIJ ANOREXIA EN BOULIMIA NERVOSA..............................................................37
BESCHERMINGSFACTOREN................................................................................................... 37
11.6 BEHANDELING........................................................................................................... 37
11.7 ETIOLOGIE................................................................................................................ 38
MIDDELENGEBRUIK EN MIDDELENMISBRUIK...................................................39
12.1 VERSLAVENDE MIDDELEN............................................................................................. 39
12.2 VERLOOP MIDDELENGEBRUIK........................................................................................39
12.3 RISICOVOL GEBRUIK................................................................................................... 39
12.4 VIERFASENMODEL...................................................................................................... 39
12.5 NEURO-ADAPTATIE..................................................................................................... 40
12.6 STOORNIS................................................................................................................ 40
12.7 DIFFERENTIAALDIAGNOSE............................................................................................ 40
12.8 COMORBIDITEIT......................................................................................................... 40
12.9 PREVALENTIE............................................................................................................ 40

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