C8: Nutritional needs of consumer groups
C7: Nutrition and nutrients
• Pregnant women:
o Extra energy is required in the 2nd and 3rd trimester. Macronutrients
o Avoid alcohol.
• Protein - high biological value proteins are primarily
• Lactating mothers: found in milk, eggs, cheese, meat, fish and soya.
o A lactating mother should consume nourishing foods to • Carbohydrates – glucose, fructose, sucrose, lactose,
ensure adequate milk production. starch and dietary fibre.
o The diet should include plenty of vegetables, fruits, and • Fats and lipids – saturated fats, polyunsaturate fats
whole-wheat products. and trans-fatty acids.
• Water.
• Babies: birth to 1 year: C7: Nutrition
o Breast milk or iron-fortified infant formula provides all •
required nutrients. and nutrients Micronutrients
Sample
o Supplement milk/formula with solid foods from 6 months. •
• Macrominerals (calcium phosphorus, magnesium,
• Toddlers: 1-3 years: C8: sodium and potassium) – required in large amounts.
o A calcium store is required. • Microminerals (iodine, iron, fluoride, zinc and
Nutritional manganese) – required in smaller amounts.
o Iron is required for the increased blood volume as the
Summaries after sample
•
body size increases.
o First serve meat dishes that are easy to chew.
Young children: 3-12 years:
needs (A) • Vitamins – vitamin A, vitamin D, vitamin E, vitamin
K, thiamine (B1), riboflavin (B2), niacin (nicotinic
acid), folic acid (B9), cobalamin (B12) and vitamin C
(ascorbic acid).
o Stage where long-term habits are established.
o Support growth and development and maintain optimal •
body weight.
•
• Young adults: Illness and convalescing individuals
o High energy demands during rapid growth periods. • Offer small, frequent quantities of food to ease digestion.
o There is a tendency towards eating disorders. • A diet rich in vitamin C and zinc promotes wound healing,
while iron ensures adequate haemoglobin levels.
• The elderly: • Liquid diets are suitable for patients with high fever, gastric
o Eat healthily and exercise regularly. issues, or swallowing difficulties.
o 4-5 smaller meals are easier than 3 larger meals. • A light diet serves as a transition from liquid to solid food.
GR11 CS T2-T2 Mindmap Focus Copyright © www.summariessa.co.za (DO NOT COPY)
,Sample
Summaries after sample
,Metal furniture Wood furniture
• Steel - legs, frames for chairs, tables, and storage units; kitchen/
• Characteristics - easy to shape and finish in many
bathroom cabinets.
ways, naturally warm, requires little care and each
• Aluminium – outdoor furniture.
type has its own distinct grain pattern.
• Cast iron - wood-burning stoves and bathtubs.
• Limitations - can burn, subject to rot, decay, and
• Wrought iron - decorative patio furniture, window screens, and fencing.
insect invasion, and may swell, shrink, or warp due
• Copper - lamps and hardware (hinges, locks, pulls).
to humidity.
• Brass - decorative accessories.
• Expensive furniture - typically made of fine, solid
•
hardwoods (maple, cherry, oak).
•
• Medium-priced furniture - often uses a combination
•
Plastic and glass fibre furniture C18: The choice of different woods.
•
• General characteristics – versatile, less expensive, of furniture •
Sample
•
lightweight, sturdy, and easy to clean, resist spots
and scratches and can be produced in various
colours or made to imitate other materials.
Popular for outdoor furniture.
•
• Upholstered furniture
Frame and supporting foundation - critical for both comfort and durability.
• Springs - add comfort and are connected using twine, wire ties, or clips.
Summaries after sample
•
•
•
Acrylic (Plexiglass/Perspex) - offers excellent
resistance to UV radiation and weathering.
•
•
•
Webbing - supports the springs and is stretched across the frame.
Fillings - provide comfort.
Padding - fills out and firms up contours.
• Fabric - key clue to the overall quality.
Bamboo
• and rattan furniture
•
• Bamboo - woody tropical grass with hollow stems. Glass furniture
• Rattan - the stems are solid and tough, and the outer skin • glass:
• Tempered
is removed before use.
o It’s 4-5 times stronger than standard glass.
• Cane – used for chair seats, backs and sides, to wrap
o Used table-tops, oven windows, coffee machine jugs, computer screens, shower
joints, and as decorative trims.
doors, and windows in public structures.
• Wicker – made from the core of the rattan stem which is
• Laminated glass:
then woven.
o Consists of 2 layers of glass with an interlayer film between them.
•
o The interlayer prevents the glass from shattering into sharp pieces when broken.
•
o Used for high-quality glass table-tops and car windshields.
• •
GR11 CS T2-T5 Mindmap •
Focus Copyright © www.summariessa.co.za (DO NOT COPY)
,Sample
Summaries after sample
C7: Nutrition and nutrients
• Pregnant women:
o Extra energy is required in the 2nd and 3rd trimester. Macronutrients
o Avoid alcohol.
• Protein - high biological value proteins are primarily
• Lactating mothers: found in milk, eggs, cheese, meat, fish and soya.
o A lactating mother should consume nourishing foods to • Carbohydrates – glucose, fructose, sucrose, lactose,
ensure adequate milk production. starch and dietary fibre.
o The diet should include plenty of vegetables, fruits, and • Fats and lipids – saturated fats, polyunsaturate fats
whole-wheat products. and trans-fatty acids.
• Water.
• Babies: birth to 1 year: C7: Nutrition
o Breast milk or iron-fortified infant formula provides all •
required nutrients. and nutrients Micronutrients
Sample
o Supplement milk/formula with solid foods from 6 months. •
• Macrominerals (calcium phosphorus, magnesium,
• Toddlers: 1-3 years: C8: sodium and potassium) – required in large amounts.
o A calcium store is required. • Microminerals (iodine, iron, fluoride, zinc and
Nutritional manganese) – required in smaller amounts.
o Iron is required for the increased blood volume as the
Summaries after sample
•
body size increases.
o First serve meat dishes that are easy to chew.
Young children: 3-12 years:
needs (A) • Vitamins – vitamin A, vitamin D, vitamin E, vitamin
K, thiamine (B1), riboflavin (B2), niacin (nicotinic
acid), folic acid (B9), cobalamin (B12) and vitamin C
(ascorbic acid).
o Stage where long-term habits are established.
o Support growth and development and maintain optimal •
body weight.
•
• Young adults: Illness and convalescing individuals
o High energy demands during rapid growth periods. • Offer small, frequent quantities of food to ease digestion.
o There is a tendency towards eating disorders. • A diet rich in vitamin C and zinc promotes wound healing,
while iron ensures adequate haemoglobin levels.
• The elderly: • Liquid diets are suitable for patients with high fever, gastric
o Eat healthily and exercise regularly. issues, or swallowing difficulties.
o 4-5 smaller meals are easier than 3 larger meals. • A light diet serves as a transition from liquid to solid food.
GR11 CS T2-T2 Mindmap Focus Copyright © www.summariessa.co.za (DO NOT COPY)
,Sample
Summaries after sample
,Metal furniture Wood furniture
• Steel - legs, frames for chairs, tables, and storage units; kitchen/
• Characteristics - easy to shape and finish in many
bathroom cabinets.
ways, naturally warm, requires little care and each
• Aluminium – outdoor furniture.
type has its own distinct grain pattern.
• Cast iron - wood-burning stoves and bathtubs.
• Limitations - can burn, subject to rot, decay, and
• Wrought iron - decorative patio furniture, window screens, and fencing.
insect invasion, and may swell, shrink, or warp due
• Copper - lamps and hardware (hinges, locks, pulls).
to humidity.
• Brass - decorative accessories.
• Expensive furniture - typically made of fine, solid
•
hardwoods (maple, cherry, oak).
•
• Medium-priced furniture - often uses a combination
•
Plastic and glass fibre furniture C18: The choice of different woods.
•
• General characteristics – versatile, less expensive, of furniture •
Sample
•
lightweight, sturdy, and easy to clean, resist spots
and scratches and can be produced in various
colours or made to imitate other materials.
Popular for outdoor furniture.
•
• Upholstered furniture
Frame and supporting foundation - critical for both comfort and durability.
• Springs - add comfort and are connected using twine, wire ties, or clips.
Summaries after sample
•
•
•
Acrylic (Plexiglass/Perspex) - offers excellent
resistance to UV radiation and weathering.
•
•
•
Webbing - supports the springs and is stretched across the frame.
Fillings - provide comfort.
Padding - fills out and firms up contours.
• Fabric - key clue to the overall quality.
Bamboo
• and rattan furniture
•
• Bamboo - woody tropical grass with hollow stems. Glass furniture
• Rattan - the stems are solid and tough, and the outer skin • glass:
• Tempered
is removed before use.
o It’s 4-5 times stronger than standard glass.
• Cane – used for chair seats, backs and sides, to wrap
o Used table-tops, oven windows, coffee machine jugs, computer screens, shower
joints, and as decorative trims.
doors, and windows in public structures.
• Wicker – made from the core of the rattan stem which is
• Laminated glass:
then woven.
o Consists of 2 layers of glass with an interlayer film between them.
•
o The interlayer prevents the glass from shattering into sharp pieces when broken.
•
o Used for high-quality glass table-tops and car windshields.
• •
GR11 CS T2-T5 Mindmap •
Focus Copyright © www.summariessa.co.za (DO NOT COPY)
,Sample
Summaries after sample
