An Introduction to Physical Geography and the Environment Notes (4th edition)

*All profits donated to the Black Lives Matter Movement.* Lecture 4 - Why do climates change: long and short term controls Topics covered: causes of climate change, feedback Recommended reading included (some available to download in this module) Lecture 5 - Hurricanes - Extreme Weather Events Topics Covered - terminology

*All profits donated to the Black Lives Matter Movement.* Lecture 4 - Ecosystem dynamics - the nature of nutrient cycling Topics Covered: reading list Recommended Reading included Lecture 5 - Ecosystem and environmental change Topics covered: IPCC 4th Assessment, current changes, predicted changes, observations so far

*All profits donated to the Black Lives Matter Movement.* Lecture 18 - Arid zone geomorphology - processes and landscapes Topics covered: distribution of drylands, desert soils, dryland processes, dryland fluvial processes Recommended reading available in Lecture 18 continued & Lecture 19.

*All profits donated to the Black Lives Matter Movement.* Lecture 7 - Tectonic Processes - The Dynamic Earth. Topics Covered: Defining the geosphere, evidence of plate tectonics, key drivers in Britain compared to Southern Spain. Recommended reading included (some available for download in this module)

*All profits donated to the Black Lives Matter Movement.* Lecture summary on atmosphere and oceans including topics on: the Earth's climate systems, climate change, temperate weather systems, hurricanes, ENSO. Includes recommended readings (available to download in this module).

*All profits donated to the Black Lives Matter Movement.* Lecture summary on river systems. This is an introduction to the topic covering hydrological systems and their operations as well as human and climate impacts. Recommended reading provided (also available to download in the module)

*All profits donated to the Black Lives Matter Movement.* Lecture Summary of the key concepts of surface and slope processes and dynamics within the geosphere. Includes suggested reading (which you can also download in this module).

*All profits donated to the Black Lives Matter Movement.* Lecture 8 - Contemporary issues in the biosphere - natural and human interactions Topics covered - symptoms of land degradation, reducing degradation Recommended reading included (some available to download in this module) Lecture 9 - Contemporary issues in the biosphere 2 - humid tropical deforestation Topics covered: forest services Recommended reading available at Lecture 9 continued & Lecture 10

*All profits donated to the Black Lives Matter Movement.* Lecture 2 - Ecosystem Dynamics - Primary and secondary productions Topics covered: endotherms, what is a sustainable biome, human manipulation Recommended Reading included Lecture 3 - Ecosystem succession and human disturbance Topics covered: ecosystem change, internal factors Recommended Reading available at Lecture 3 continued & Lecture 4

*All profits donated to the Black Lives Matter Movement.* Lecture 5 - Ecosystems and environmental change Topics covered: predicted future impacts on ecosystem processes, ecosystem responses Recommended Reading Lecture 6 - Ecosystem stability - the concept of stability under changing conditions Topics covered: terminology, resilience