University of Reading (UOR) • Biomedical Science
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Modules Biomedical Science at University of Reading (UOR)
Notes available for the following courses of Biomedical Science at University of Reading (UOR)
Latest notes & summaries University of Reading (UOR) • Biomedical Science
Summary of the 12 steps of glycolysis - investment & reward phases
Products of glycolysis
Control of glycolysis (hexokinase, phosphofructokinase & pyruvate kinase) allosteric & hormonal
Difference between phosphofructokinase I & II and their regulation 
Glycolysis in relation to cancer
Glycogen - structure, bonding etc.
Glycogenolysis (2 stages)
Glucose 6-phosphatase - and regulation of glycogenolysis (phosphorolysis)
Regulation of glycogenolysis (In liver and muscle)
Glycogen synthesis
Regulati...
Covers the key (almost) irreversible enzymatic reactions in glycolysis and the 3 bypasses needed for gluconeogenesis to happen - includes detailed diagram with enzymes
Also covers:
- energy cost
- regulation of gluconeogenesis (allosteric, reciprocal & hormonal regulation)
- cori cycle
- glucose-alanine cycle
- krebs cycle
- glucose 6-phosphatase deficiency
Summary of the pentose phosphate pathway and it's link to glycolysis
Includes:
Uses of Ribose 5-phosphate
Oxidative & non-oxidative stage (including key enzymes)
Regulation of the pathway
Detailed summary of the integumentary system (skin, glands, hair etc.)
- Layers of the skin and their functions
- Cells making up the skin - including keratinocytes and skin formation
- Microbes of the skin
- Neurones in the skin
- Formation & colouration of hair
- Anatomy of nails
- Different types of sweat glands and their function
- Skin stem cells
- Wound healing
- Sunburn
Covers:
Respiratory centre - pons & medulla (neurons)
Dorsal, ventral, apneustic & pneumotaxic centres
Respiratory rhythm
Regulation - voluntary & automatic
Chemoreceptors (central & peripheral)
Mechanoreceptors
Covers:
Asthma
Emphysema
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Pulmonary fibrosis
Sleep apnoea (central & obstructive)

Effects of exercise on the respiratory system
Effects of altitude & chronic altitude on the respiratory system
The diving response

Also includes a small glossary with definitions of key respiratory measurements & volumes
A concise & in-depth summary of the transport of gases in respiration
Covers:
- Methods of O2 transport 
- Haemoglobin (structure, binding)
- Cooperative binding & factors that increase/decrease affinity to O2 (O2 dissociation & Bohr shift explained)
- Anaemia
- CO2 transport (carbonic anhydrase reaction & chloride shift)
- CO2 & O2 exchange (uncoupling & bicarbonate reaction)
A concise in-depth summary of the mechanics of breathing (inspiration & expiration)
Covers:
- Partial pressure laws
- Ventilation & the 3 factors affecting it (pressures, compliance, resistance)
- Pressure definitions (intrapulmonary, transpulmonary etc.)
- Muscles involved in inspiration, expiration & active expiration
- Lung volume definitions 
- Pulmonary function studies & calculations
- Efficacy & work of breathing - calculations & examples in disease
A comprehensive summary of the 5 steps of Haemostasis
1. Vessel spasm
2. Platelet plug formation
3. Coagulation
4. Clot retraction
5. Fibrinolysis

Detail on all 5 steps, but particularly in depth for steps 2,3 and 5
A flowchart summarising the breakdown of macronutrients to produce ATP
(proteins, carbohydrates & fatty acids)