University of Toronto (U OF T )

proteins correct answer: polymers of amino acids linked in a linear chain by peptide/amide bonds (polypeptides) polysaccharides correct answer: polymers of sugars (mono-saccharides) linked in linear and branched chains by glycosidic bonds DNA correct answer: polymers of nucleotides linked in linear chains by phosphodiester bonds protein enzymes correct answer: Linkages (bonds) are formed/broken by _______? sickle cell anemia correct answer: a single amino acid change in hemoglob...

Name three factors responsible for membrane formation correct answer: Decrease in ionic interactions with water Decrease in membrane entropy Non-covalent interactions between lipids and proteins What membrane structures allow the cell membrane to modulate cell-cell recognition? correct answer: Glycoproteins and glycoplipids What non-covalent forces drive spontaneous membrane assembly? correct answer: Hydrophobic effect, hydrogen bonds and van der Waals What is the most important re...

Essential Membrane Functions correct answer: act as barrier regulate import and export of molecules compartmentalization of processes increases efficiency membrane properties correct answer: composed of lipid bilayer impermeable to polar molecules asymmetric membrane fluidity correct answer: lipids and proteins rotate or move within bilayer; allows cell movement, growth, division, secretion, cell junction formation, and self-heal if punctured comformational changes mediate fluid...

Which AA likes to form alpha helix? correct answer: Glutamate Which AA likes to form beta sheet correct answer: Valine Which amino acids have aliphatic side chains? correct answer: alanine, glycine, valine, leucine, isoleucine, which amino acids have aliphatic hydroxyl side chains? correct answer: serine and threonine which amino acids have aromatic side chains? correct answer: phenylalanine, tyrosine, tryptophan which amino acids are sulfur containing? correct answer: cyste...

agarose and agar correct answer: polysaccharides used to run DNA gels and for microbial plates bacterial cell walls correct answer: contain polysaccharides in their peptidoglycan layer lectins correct answer: are proteins that bind to sugars protein glycolsylation correct answer: assists in folding and cellular recognition, e.g. ABO blood groups -ose correct answer: indicates a molecule is some kind of carb blood group antigens correct answer: glycoproteins containing differ...

types of lipids (purpose) correct answer: storage, structural, and signalling fatty acid chemical structure and charge correct answer: - fatty part is the carbon chain - acid part is carboxyl group (-COOH) - negatively charged which conformations of saturated fatty acids are most stable? correct answer: - anti conformation - extended conformation unsaturated fatty acids correct answer: double bonds are almost always in cis conformation which results in kinks in structure mono-...

Monosaccharide formula correct answer: (CH2O)n (n is 3 or more) Aldotriose correct answer: Also known as glyceraldehyde, simplest aldehyde monosaccharide (n = 3), has L and D isomer (centre carbon is chiral) Ketotriose correct answer: Also known as dihydroxyacetone, simplest ketone monosaccharide (n = 3), non chiral Carbon numbering correct answer: Aldoses always have aldehyde and C1, ketoses have ketone at C2 Sugar naming correct answer: triose, tetrose, pentose, hexose, etc., ...

BCH210 Week 4 Questions With Complete Solutions

van der Waals correct answer: -weakest (short lives) but lots could strengthen the bond -furthest distance -form as a result of hydrophobic interactions -strength depends on the size of the atoms and the distance between them -cannot be closer than the Van der Waals contact distance or else positively charged nuclei will repel each other (energy= 0) Proteins correct answer: main action molecule of the cell (Most chemical processes of the body are carried out by proteins) -classified in...

True or False: the amino acids serine and methionine both contain sulfur atoms. correct answer: false True or False: The following secondary structure shown below is an example of a beta-turn. correct answer: False True or False: The side chain of proline is bonded to the backbone nitrogen atom. correct answer: True True or False: The name of the molecule that binds to an enzyme is called the apoenzyme. correct answer: False True or False: An inhibitor that binds at the active si...

Which of the following monosaccharides is a ketose? Dihydroxyacetone Galactose Glucose Glyceraldehyde Idose correct answer: dihydroxyacetone When two carbohydrates are epimers: One is a pyranose, the other a furanose One is an aldose, the other a ketose They differ in length by one carbon They differ only in the configuration about one carbon atom They react differently with iodine correct answer: They differ only in the confirmation about one carbon atom correct answ...

True or False: According to the Module, a compound with a molecular mass of 1,000 g/mol is considered a macromolecule. correct answer: False True or False: Biomolecules can have two or more different functional groups. correct answer: True True or False: The following functional group is an amine. C2H5NH2 correct answer: True True or False: In a eukaryotic cell, the organelles called peroxisomes serve the purpose of digesting macromolecules. correct answer: False True or Fals...

Organic chemistry: correct answer: The study of carbon-containing compounds except elemental carbon (diamond, graphite, coal), CO2, CO, carbonates, and cyanides. Inorganic chemistry: correct answer: Studies the elements and everything else. The principle components of food, fuels, wood construction, and clothing are organic compounds. Octet rule: correct answer: A chemical rule of thumb that reflects observation that atoms of main-group elements tend to combine in such a way that each a...

Choose the most CORRECT property of an organic compound. A) low boiling point B) high melting point C) conducts current D) flammable E) A and D correct answer: Answer: E) A and D A) Low boiling point AND D) Flammable Which of the following compounds will have double bond(s) in it? A) octane B) heptyne C) benzene D) A and C E) A and B correct answer: Answer: D) A)Octane AND C)Benzene What is the molecular formula of cyclohexane? A) C6H8

Three types of lipids correct answer: storage lipid(fat), structural lipids(membrane) and signaling lipids(hormaones) storage lipids are correct answer: triacyl glyceride structural lipids include correct answer: phospholipid, sphingolipid, glycolipids and steroids signaling lipids include correct answer: eicosonoids and steroids what are the core building blocks of lipids correct answer: fatty acids a fatty acyl chain is _ if it contains only single bonds, but _ if it has on...

Basic principles of neuroimaging methods as applied to human subjects research and introduce the neuroscience concepts and terminology necessary for a basic understanding of neuroimaging applications. Topics include the history of neuroimaging, an introduction to neuroimaging physics and image formation, as well as an overview of different neuroimaging applications, including functional MRI, diffusion tensor imaging, magnetic resonance spectroscopy, perfusion imaging, and positron emission tomog...

Eczema (aka atopic dermatitis) and contact dermatitis is one of the topics discussed as part of the Doctor of Pharmacy curriculum. It is a disease state of high prevalence that requires in-depth understanding for proper treatment. This is an accompanying document to the "Pharmacotherapy of Atopic and Contact Dermatitis" notes to outline the treatment algorithm used in Atopic and Contact Dermatitis as well as a drug table that includes all drugs used for these disease states as well as brand na...

Eczema (aka atopic dermatitis) and contact dermatitis is one of the topics discussed as part of the Doctor of Pharmacy curriculum. It is a disease state of high prevalence that requires in-depth understanding for proper treatment. These notes are a compilation of the pathophysiology as well as the non-drug and drug interventions in both atopic and contact dermatitis. All pharmacists, doctors and nurses working in the community setting will encounter patients who have some form of dermatitis; the...

In the course PHM 201, one of the topics discussed is Atopic Dermatitis. The purpose of this presentation is to provide an in-depth overview of the treatments that are used in Atopic Dermatitis. This presentation was created by myself for to present during my clinical rotations and provides a very a good practical approach to the treatment of Atopic Dermatitis at the more severe stages.

This document is a compilation of all of the notes that were taken throughout the course: Pharmacotherapeutics of Cardiovascular Diseases. The topics discussed include dyslipidemias, acute coronary artery syndromes (aka heart attack), chronic stable angina, venous thromboembolism, heart failure, stroke, arrhythmias, peripheral artery disease, and much more. There is even an additional chapter overviewing the treatment of type 2 diabetes as this is a common comorbidity in those with cardiovascula...