Instructor bnManual: bnCarroll/Brown, bnBusiness bn& bnSociety: bnEthics, bnSustainability bn& bnStakeholder
bnManagement, bn11e,
9780357718629; bnChapter bn1: bnThe bnBusiness, bnSociety, bnand bnResponsibility
SOLUTION MANUAL FOR bn b n
Business & Society 11th Edition by Archie B. Carroll, Jill Brown
bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
Chapter 1-18 bn
Chapter 1: The Business and Society Relationship
bn bn bn bn bn bn
Table of Contents
bn bn
Purpose and Perspective of the Chapter ................................................................................ 2
bn bn bn bn bn
Cengage Supplements............................................................................................................. 2
bn
Chapter Objectives .................................................................................................................. 2
bn
Complete List of Chapter Activities and Assessments ............................................................ 2
bn bn bn bn bn bn
Key Terms ............................................................................................................................... 3
bn
What's New in This Chapter ................................................................................................... 4
bn bn bn bn
Chapter Outline ....................................................................................................................... 4
bn
Discussion Questions ............................................................................................................... 5
bn
Additional Activities and Assignments ...................................................................................... 8
bn bn bn
Appendix .................................................................................................................................. 9
Generic Rubrics...................................................................................................................................... 9
bn
Standard Writing Rubric ........................................................................................................................ 9
bn bn
Standard Discussion Rubric ................................................................................................................. 11
bn bn
© bn2022 bnCengage. bnAll bnRights bnReserved. bnMay bnnot bnbe bnscanned, bncopied bnor bnduplicated, bnor bnposted bntobna 1
bnpublicly bnaccessible
website, bnin bnwhole bnor bnin bnpart.
, Instructor bnManual: bnCarroll/Brown, bnBusiness bn& bnSociety: bnEthics, bnSustainability bn& bnStakeholder
bnManagement, bn11e,
9780357718629; bnChapter bn1: bnThe bnBusiness, bnSociety, bnand bnResponsibility
Purpose and Perspective of the Chapter
bn bn bn bn bn
The purpose of this chapter is to introduce some important basic concepts in the
bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
business and society discussion, including pluralism, special-interest societies, business
bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
criticism, corporate power, corporate social responsibility to stakeholders, and
bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
sustainability.
bn
Cengage Supplements bn
The following product-level supplements provide additional information that may help you in
bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
preparing your course. They are available in the Instructor Resource Center.
bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
Instructor’s Manual bn
Transition Guide bn
Test Banks bn
PowerPoint Slides bn
Case Notes bn
Chapter Objectives bn
The following objectives are addressed in this chapter:
bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
01.01 Define and explain business and society as foundational concepts. Describe
bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
how society is viewed as the macroenvironment.
bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
01.02 Explain the characteristics of a pluralistic society. Describe pluralism and
bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
identify its attributes, strengths, and weaknesses.
bn bn bn bn bn bn
01.03 Clarify what is a special-interest society and how it poses special
bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
challenges for business.
bn bn bn
01.04 Identify, discuss, and illustrate the factors leading up to business criticism and
bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
corporate response. What is the general criticism of business? How may the
bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
balance of power and responsibility be resolved?
bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
01.05 Identify what is the changing social contract. Is it better or worse for stakeholders?
bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
01.06 Make clear the major themes characterizing this book: managerial approach,
bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
business ethics, sustainability, and stakeholder management.
bn bn bn bn bn bn
Complete List of Chapter Activities and Assessments
bn bn bn bn bn bn
For additional guidance, refer to the Teaching Online Guide.
bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
Chapter PPT Slide bn Activity/Assessment Duration
Objectiv
bn
e
1.1 2 Icebreaker: Business and You bn bn bn 10 minutes
bn
1.1 7 Discussion: Corporate Ethics bn bn 15 minutes
bn
1.2 20 Discussion: COVID-19 bn 15 minutes
bn
© bn2022 bnCengage. bnAll bnRights bnReserved. bnMay bnnot bnbe bnscanned, bncopied bnor bnduplicated, bnor bnposted bntobna 2
bnpublicly bnaccessible
website, bnin bnwhole bnor bnin bnpart.
, Instructor bnManual: bnCarroll/Brown, bnBusiness bn& bnSociety: bnEthics, bnSustainability bn& bnStakeholder
bnManagement, bn11e,
9780357718629; bnChapter bn1: bnThe bnBusiness, bnSociety, bnand bnResponsibility
1.4 23 Discussion: Business Criticism and Rising 15 minutes bn bn bn bn bn
Expectations
bn
1.4 24 Discussion Levels of Power 15 minutes
bn bn bn bn
1.4 26 Discussion: Iron Law of Responsibility 15 minutes bn bn bn bn bn
[return to top] bn bn
Key Terms bn
Affluence: the level of wealth, disposable income, and standard of living of the society
bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
Business: the collection of private, commercially oriented (profit-oriented)
bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
organizations, ranging in size from one-family proprietorships
bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
Business ethics: ethical issues that arise in the commercial realm
bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
Business power: the capacity or ability to produce an effect, have an impact, or
bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
to bring influence to bear on a situation or people
bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
Economic environment: the nature and direction of the economy in which business operates
bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
Education: the process of receiving or giving systematic instruction, especially at a school or
bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
university
bn
Entitlement mentality: the general belief that individuals are owed something (e.g., a
bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
job, an education, a living wage, or health care) just because they are a member of
bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
society
bn
Iron Law of Responsibility: Whenever power and responsibility become
bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
substantially out of balance, forces will be generated to bring them into closer
bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
balance.
bn
Macroenvironment: the total environment outside the firm bn bn bn bn bn bn
Managerial approach: a focus on the three main themes of vital importance to managers,
bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
organizations, and society today: business ethics, sustainability, and stakeholder management.
bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
Nongovernmental organizations (NGOs): special-interest groups that may be organized on
bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
a local, national, or international level
bn bn bn bn bn bn
Pluralism: a diffusion of power among society’s many groups and organizations
bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
Political environment: the processes by which laws get passed and officials get elected and
bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
all other aspects of the interaction between firms, political practices, and government
bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
Rights movement: a trend and pattern of rising expectations as to how people want to
bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
be treated
bn bn
Rising expectation: a belief or an outlook that each succeeding generation ought to have a
bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
standard of living higher than that of its predecessor
bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
Social contract: a set of reciprocal understandings and expectations that characterize the
bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
relationship between major institutions
bn bn bn bn
Social environment: the demographics, lifestyles, culture, and social values of the society
bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
Social problem: a gap between society’s expectations of social conditions and the
bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
current social realities
bn bn bn
© bn2022 bnCengage. bnAll bnRights bnReserved. bnMay bnnot bnbe bnscanned, bncopied bnor bnduplicated, bnor bnposted bntobna 3
bnpublicly bnaccessible
website, bnin bnwhole bnor bnin bnpart.
, Instructor bnManual: bnCarroll/Brown, bnBusiness bn& bnSociety: bnEthics, bnSustainability bn& bnStakeholder
bnManagement, bn11e,
9780357718629; bnChapter bn1: bnThe bnBusiness, bnSociety, bnand bnResponsibility
Society: community, a nation, or a broad grouping of people with common traditions, values,
bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
institutions, and collective activities and interests
bn bn bn bn bn bn
Special-interest society: a society characterized by tens of thousands of special interest
bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
groups, each pursuing its own specific agenda
bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
Stakeholder management: the management of integral constituents in the business and
bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
society relationship
bn bn
Stakeholders: individuals or groups with which business interacts who have a ―stake,‖ or
bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
vested interest, in the firm
bn bn bn bn bn
Sustainability: business’s ability to survive and thrive over the long term
bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
Sustainable development: a pattern of resource use that aims to meet current human
bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
needs while preserving the environment so that these needs can be met not only in
bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
the present but also for future generations
bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
Technological environment: the total set of technology-based advancements taking place in
bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
society and the world
bn bn bn bn
[return to top] bn bn
What's New in This Chapter bn bn bn bn
The following elements are improvements in this chapter from the previous edition:
bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
The key terms have been updated.
bn bn bn bn bn
The endnotes have been updated.
bn bn bn bn
The topic Business and society relationship (A-head) is updated.
bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
The box spotlight on sustainability has been updated.
bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
Figure 1-2 from the previous edition has been renamed as Figure 1-1.
bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
Figure 1-3 from the previous edition has been renamed as Figures 1-2.
bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
Figure 1-4 from the previous edition has been renamed as Figure 1-3.
bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
Image 1-2 is revised. bn bn bn
The heading ―Awareness through television, movies, the internet, and social media‖
bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
has been renamed to ―Awareness through various media‖.
bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
The heading ―24/7 News and investigative program‖ has been renamed to
bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
―24/7 Television programming‖.
bn bn bn
The heading ―Revolution of rising expectations‖ is renamed to ―Rising expectations‖.
bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
Figure 1-3: The data is revised.
bn bn bn bn bn
The titles of ―Ethics in Practice Case‖ have been updated.
bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
Title of figure 1-4 is renamed.
bn bn bn bn bn
[return to top] bn bn
Chapter Outline bn
In the outline below, each element includes references (in parentheses) to related
bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
content. “CH.##” refers to the chapter objective; “PPT Slide #” refers to the slide
bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
number in the PowerPoint deck for this chapter (provided in the PowerPoints section of
bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
the Instructor Resource Center); and, as applicable for each discipline, accreditation or
bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
certification standards (“BL 1.3.3”). Introduce the chapter and use the Ice Breaker in the
bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
PPT if desired, and if one is provided for this chapter. Review learning objectives for
bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
Chapter 1. (PPT Slides 1–3).
bn bn bn bn bn
© bn2022 bnCengage. bnAll bnRights bnReserved. bnMay bnnot bnbe bnscanned, bncopied bnor bnduplicated, bnor bnposted bntobna 4
bnpublicly bnaccessible
website, bnin bnwhole bnor bnin bnpart.
bnManagement, bn11e,
9780357718629; bnChapter bn1: bnThe bnBusiness, bnSociety, bnand bnResponsibility
SOLUTION MANUAL FOR bn b n
Business & Society 11th Edition by Archie B. Carroll, Jill Brown
bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
Chapter 1-18 bn
Chapter 1: The Business and Society Relationship
bn bn bn bn bn bn
Table of Contents
bn bn
Purpose and Perspective of the Chapter ................................................................................ 2
bn bn bn bn bn
Cengage Supplements............................................................................................................. 2
bn
Chapter Objectives .................................................................................................................. 2
bn
Complete List of Chapter Activities and Assessments ............................................................ 2
bn bn bn bn bn bn
Key Terms ............................................................................................................................... 3
bn
What's New in This Chapter ................................................................................................... 4
bn bn bn bn
Chapter Outline ....................................................................................................................... 4
bn
Discussion Questions ............................................................................................................... 5
bn
Additional Activities and Assignments ...................................................................................... 8
bn bn bn
Appendix .................................................................................................................................. 9
Generic Rubrics...................................................................................................................................... 9
bn
Standard Writing Rubric ........................................................................................................................ 9
bn bn
Standard Discussion Rubric ................................................................................................................. 11
bn bn
© bn2022 bnCengage. bnAll bnRights bnReserved. bnMay bnnot bnbe bnscanned, bncopied bnor bnduplicated, bnor bnposted bntobna 1
bnpublicly bnaccessible
website, bnin bnwhole bnor bnin bnpart.
, Instructor bnManual: bnCarroll/Brown, bnBusiness bn& bnSociety: bnEthics, bnSustainability bn& bnStakeholder
bnManagement, bn11e,
9780357718629; bnChapter bn1: bnThe bnBusiness, bnSociety, bnand bnResponsibility
Purpose and Perspective of the Chapter
bn bn bn bn bn
The purpose of this chapter is to introduce some important basic concepts in the
bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
business and society discussion, including pluralism, special-interest societies, business
bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
criticism, corporate power, corporate social responsibility to stakeholders, and
bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
sustainability.
bn
Cengage Supplements bn
The following product-level supplements provide additional information that may help you in
bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
preparing your course. They are available in the Instructor Resource Center.
bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
Instructor’s Manual bn
Transition Guide bn
Test Banks bn
PowerPoint Slides bn
Case Notes bn
Chapter Objectives bn
The following objectives are addressed in this chapter:
bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
01.01 Define and explain business and society as foundational concepts. Describe
bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
how society is viewed as the macroenvironment.
bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
01.02 Explain the characteristics of a pluralistic society. Describe pluralism and
bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
identify its attributes, strengths, and weaknesses.
bn bn bn bn bn bn
01.03 Clarify what is a special-interest society and how it poses special
bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
challenges for business.
bn bn bn
01.04 Identify, discuss, and illustrate the factors leading up to business criticism and
bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
corporate response. What is the general criticism of business? How may the
bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
balance of power and responsibility be resolved?
bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
01.05 Identify what is the changing social contract. Is it better or worse for stakeholders?
bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
01.06 Make clear the major themes characterizing this book: managerial approach,
bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
business ethics, sustainability, and stakeholder management.
bn bn bn bn bn bn
Complete List of Chapter Activities and Assessments
bn bn bn bn bn bn
For additional guidance, refer to the Teaching Online Guide.
bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
Chapter PPT Slide bn Activity/Assessment Duration
Objectiv
bn
e
1.1 2 Icebreaker: Business and You bn bn bn 10 minutes
bn
1.1 7 Discussion: Corporate Ethics bn bn 15 minutes
bn
1.2 20 Discussion: COVID-19 bn 15 minutes
bn
© bn2022 bnCengage. bnAll bnRights bnReserved. bnMay bnnot bnbe bnscanned, bncopied bnor bnduplicated, bnor bnposted bntobna 2
bnpublicly bnaccessible
website, bnin bnwhole bnor bnin bnpart.
, Instructor bnManual: bnCarroll/Brown, bnBusiness bn& bnSociety: bnEthics, bnSustainability bn& bnStakeholder
bnManagement, bn11e,
9780357718629; bnChapter bn1: bnThe bnBusiness, bnSociety, bnand bnResponsibility
1.4 23 Discussion: Business Criticism and Rising 15 minutes bn bn bn bn bn
Expectations
bn
1.4 24 Discussion Levels of Power 15 minutes
bn bn bn bn
1.4 26 Discussion: Iron Law of Responsibility 15 minutes bn bn bn bn bn
[return to top] bn bn
Key Terms bn
Affluence: the level of wealth, disposable income, and standard of living of the society
bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
Business: the collection of private, commercially oriented (profit-oriented)
bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
organizations, ranging in size from one-family proprietorships
bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
Business ethics: ethical issues that arise in the commercial realm
bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
Business power: the capacity or ability to produce an effect, have an impact, or
bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
to bring influence to bear on a situation or people
bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
Economic environment: the nature and direction of the economy in which business operates
bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
Education: the process of receiving or giving systematic instruction, especially at a school or
bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
university
bn
Entitlement mentality: the general belief that individuals are owed something (e.g., a
bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
job, an education, a living wage, or health care) just because they are a member of
bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
society
bn
Iron Law of Responsibility: Whenever power and responsibility become
bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
substantially out of balance, forces will be generated to bring them into closer
bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
balance.
bn
Macroenvironment: the total environment outside the firm bn bn bn bn bn bn
Managerial approach: a focus on the three main themes of vital importance to managers,
bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
organizations, and society today: business ethics, sustainability, and stakeholder management.
bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
Nongovernmental organizations (NGOs): special-interest groups that may be organized on
bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
a local, national, or international level
bn bn bn bn bn bn
Pluralism: a diffusion of power among society’s many groups and organizations
bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
Political environment: the processes by which laws get passed and officials get elected and
bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
all other aspects of the interaction between firms, political practices, and government
bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
Rights movement: a trend and pattern of rising expectations as to how people want to
bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
be treated
bn bn
Rising expectation: a belief or an outlook that each succeeding generation ought to have a
bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
standard of living higher than that of its predecessor
bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
Social contract: a set of reciprocal understandings and expectations that characterize the
bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
relationship between major institutions
bn bn bn bn
Social environment: the demographics, lifestyles, culture, and social values of the society
bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
Social problem: a gap between society’s expectations of social conditions and the
bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
current social realities
bn bn bn
© bn2022 bnCengage. bnAll bnRights bnReserved. bnMay bnnot bnbe bnscanned, bncopied bnor bnduplicated, bnor bnposted bntobna 3
bnpublicly bnaccessible
website, bnin bnwhole bnor bnin bnpart.
, Instructor bnManual: bnCarroll/Brown, bnBusiness bn& bnSociety: bnEthics, bnSustainability bn& bnStakeholder
bnManagement, bn11e,
9780357718629; bnChapter bn1: bnThe bnBusiness, bnSociety, bnand bnResponsibility
Society: community, a nation, or a broad grouping of people with common traditions, values,
bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
institutions, and collective activities and interests
bn bn bn bn bn bn
Special-interest society: a society characterized by tens of thousands of special interest
bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
groups, each pursuing its own specific agenda
bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
Stakeholder management: the management of integral constituents in the business and
bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
society relationship
bn bn
Stakeholders: individuals or groups with which business interacts who have a ―stake,‖ or
bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
vested interest, in the firm
bn bn bn bn bn
Sustainability: business’s ability to survive and thrive over the long term
bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
Sustainable development: a pattern of resource use that aims to meet current human
bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
needs while preserving the environment so that these needs can be met not only in
bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
the present but also for future generations
bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
Technological environment: the total set of technology-based advancements taking place in
bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
society and the world
bn bn bn bn
[return to top] bn bn
What's New in This Chapter bn bn bn bn
The following elements are improvements in this chapter from the previous edition:
bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
The key terms have been updated.
bn bn bn bn bn
The endnotes have been updated.
bn bn bn bn
The topic Business and society relationship (A-head) is updated.
bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
The box spotlight on sustainability has been updated.
bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
Figure 1-2 from the previous edition has been renamed as Figure 1-1.
bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
Figure 1-3 from the previous edition has been renamed as Figures 1-2.
bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
Figure 1-4 from the previous edition has been renamed as Figure 1-3.
bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
Image 1-2 is revised. bn bn bn
The heading ―Awareness through television, movies, the internet, and social media‖
bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
has been renamed to ―Awareness through various media‖.
bn bn bn bn bn bn bn bn
The heading ―24/7 News and investigative program‖ has been renamed to
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―24/7 Television programming‖.
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The heading ―Revolution of rising expectations‖ is renamed to ―Rising expectations‖.
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Figure 1-3: The data is revised.
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The titles of ―Ethics in Practice Case‖ have been updated.
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Title of figure 1-4 is renamed.
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[return to top] bn bn
Chapter Outline bn
In the outline below, each element includes references (in parentheses) to related
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content. “CH.##” refers to the chapter objective; “PPT Slide #” refers to the slide
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number in the PowerPoint deck for this chapter (provided in the PowerPoints section of
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the Instructor Resource Center); and, as applicable for each discipline, accreditation or
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certification standards (“BL 1.3.3”). Introduce the chapter and use the Ice Breaker in the
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PPT if desired, and if one is provided for this chapter. Review learning objectives for
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Chapter 1. (PPT Slides 1–3).
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bnpublicly bnaccessible
website, bnin bnwhole bnor bnin bnpart.