Pharm Hesi evolve EXAM 2025-2026
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH
RATIONALE 100 % PASS SOLUTION A+
GRADE
A |client |with |heart |failure |is |prescribed |spironolactone |(Aldactone). |Which |information |is |most
|important |for |the |nurse |to |provide |to |the |client |about |diet |modifications?
A. Do |not |add |salt |to |foods |during |preparation.
B. Refrain |for |eating |foods |high |in |potassium.
C. Restrict |fluid |intake |to |1000 |ml |per |day.
D. Increase |intake |of |milk |and |milk |products. |- |answer>>B. |Refrain |for |eating |foods |high
|in |potassium.
Rationale
Spironolactone |(Aldactone), |an |aldosterone |antagonist, |is |a |potassium-sparing |diuretic, |so |a
|diet |high |in |potassium |should |be |avoided, |along |with |table |salt |substitutes |which |are
|generally |contain |potassium |chloride |which |can |lead |to |hyperkalemia.
Which |instruction(s) |should |the |nurse |give |to |a |female |client |who |just |received |a |prescription
|for |oral |metronidazole |(Flagyl) |for |treatment |of |trichomonas |vaginalis? |(Select |all |that |apply.)
A. Increase |fluid |intake, |especially |cranberry |juice.
B. Do |not |abruptly |discontinue |the |medication; |taper |use.
C. Check |blood |pressure |daily |to |detect |hypertension.
D. Avoid |drinking |alcohol |while |taking |this |medication.
E. Use |condoms |until |treatment |is |completed.
F. Ensure |that |all |sexual |partners |are |treated |at |the |same |time. |- |answer>>A. |Increase
|fluid |intake, |especially |cranberry |juice.
,D. |Avoid |drinking |alcohol |while |taking |this |medication.
E. |Use |condoms |until |treatment |is |completed.
F. |Ensure |that |all |sexual |partners |are |treated |at |the |same |time.
,Rationale
Increased |fluid |intake |and |cranberry |juice |are |recommended |for |prevention |and |treatment
|of |urinary |tract |infections, |which |frequently |accompany |vaginal |infections. |It |is |not
|necessary |to |taper |use |of |this |drug |or |to |check |the |blood |pressure |daily, |as |this |condition |is
|not |related |to |hypertension. |Flagyl |can |cause |a |disulfiram-like |reaction |if |taken |in
|conjunction |with |ingestion |of |alcohol, |so |the |client |should |be |instructed |to |avoid |alcohol.
|All |sexual |partners |should |be |treated |at |the |same |time |and |condoms |should |be |used |until
|after |treatment |is |completed |to |avoid |reinfection.
A |client |receiving |albuterol |(Proventil) |tablets |complains |of |nausea |every |evening |with |her |9:00
p.m. |dose. |What |action |can |the |nurse |take |to |alleviate |this |side |effect?
A. Change |the |time |of |the |dose.
B. Hold |the |9 |p.m. |dose.
C. Administer |the |dose |with |a |snack.
D. Administer |an |antiemetic |with |the |dose. |- |answer>>C. |Administer |the |dose |with |a
snack. |Rationale
|
Administering |oral |doses |of |albuterol |with |food |helps |minimize |GI |discomfort.
Which |action |is |most |important |for |the |nurse |to |implement |prior |to |the |administration |of |the
|antiarrhythmic |drug |adenosine |(Adenocard)?
A. Assess |pupillary |response |to |light.
B. Instruct |the |client |that |facial |flushing |may |occur.
C. Apply |continuous |cardiac |monitoring.
D. Request |that |family |members |leave |the |room. |- |answer>>C. |Apply |continuous
|cardiac |monitoring.
Rationale
Adenosine |(Adenocard) |is |an |antiarrhythmic |drug |used |to |restore |a |normal |sinus |rhythm
|in |clients |with |rapid |supraventricular |tachycardia. |The |client's |heart |rate |should |be
|monitored |continuously |for |the |onset |of |additional |arrhythmias |while |receiving
|adenosine.
, A |postoperative |client |has |been |receiving |a |continuous |IV |infusion |of |meperidine |(Demerol)
|35 |mg/hr |for |four |days. |The |client |has |a |PRN |prescription |for |Demerol |100 |mg |PO |q3h. |The
|nurse |notes |that |the |client |has |become |increasingly |restless, |irritable |and |confused, |stating
|that |there |are |bugs |all |over |the |walls. |What |action |should |the |nurse |take |first?
A. Administer |a |PRN |dose |of |the |PO |meperidine |(Demerol).
B. Administer |naloxone |(Narcan) |IV |per |PRN |protocol.
C. Decrease |the |IV |infusion |rate |of |the |meperidine |(Demerol) |per |protocol.
D. Notify |the |healthcare |provider |of |the |client's |confusion |and |hallucinations. |-
|answer>>C. |Decrease |the |IV |infusion |rate |of |the |meperidine |(Demerol) |per |protocol.
Rationale
The |client |is |exhibiting |symptoms |of |Demerol |toxicity |which |is |consistent |with |the |large
|doses |of |Demerol |received |over |four |days. |Decreasing |the |infusion |rate |of |the |Demerol |as
|per |protocol |is |the |most |effective |action |to |immediately |decrease |the |amount |of |serum
|Demerol. |The |next |nursing |action |is |for |the |nurse |to |notify |the |healthcare |provider.
A |client |receiving |Doxorubicin |(Adriamycin) |intravenously |(IV) |complains |of |pain |at |the
|insertion |site, |and |the |nurse |notes |edema |at |the |site. |Which |intervention |is |most |important
|for |the |nurse |to |implement?
A. Assess |for |erythema.
B. Administer |the |antidote.
C. Apply |warm |compresses.
D. Discontinue |the |IV |fluids. |- |answer>>D. |Discontinue |the |IV |fluids.
Rationale
Doxorubicin |is |an |antineoplastic |agent |that |causes |inflammation, |blistering, |and |necrosis |of
|tissue |upon |extravasation. |First, |all |IV |fluids |should |be |discontinued |at |the |site |to |prevent
|further |tissue |damage |by |the |vesicant.
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH
RATIONALE 100 % PASS SOLUTION A+
GRADE
A |client |with |heart |failure |is |prescribed |spironolactone |(Aldactone). |Which |information |is |most
|important |for |the |nurse |to |provide |to |the |client |about |diet |modifications?
A. Do |not |add |salt |to |foods |during |preparation.
B. Refrain |for |eating |foods |high |in |potassium.
C. Restrict |fluid |intake |to |1000 |ml |per |day.
D. Increase |intake |of |milk |and |milk |products. |- |answer>>B. |Refrain |for |eating |foods |high
|in |potassium.
Rationale
Spironolactone |(Aldactone), |an |aldosterone |antagonist, |is |a |potassium-sparing |diuretic, |so |a
|diet |high |in |potassium |should |be |avoided, |along |with |table |salt |substitutes |which |are
|generally |contain |potassium |chloride |which |can |lead |to |hyperkalemia.
Which |instruction(s) |should |the |nurse |give |to |a |female |client |who |just |received |a |prescription
|for |oral |metronidazole |(Flagyl) |for |treatment |of |trichomonas |vaginalis? |(Select |all |that |apply.)
A. Increase |fluid |intake, |especially |cranberry |juice.
B. Do |not |abruptly |discontinue |the |medication; |taper |use.
C. Check |blood |pressure |daily |to |detect |hypertension.
D. Avoid |drinking |alcohol |while |taking |this |medication.
E. Use |condoms |until |treatment |is |completed.
F. Ensure |that |all |sexual |partners |are |treated |at |the |same |time. |- |answer>>A. |Increase
|fluid |intake, |especially |cranberry |juice.
,D. |Avoid |drinking |alcohol |while |taking |this |medication.
E. |Use |condoms |until |treatment |is |completed.
F. |Ensure |that |all |sexual |partners |are |treated |at |the |same |time.
,Rationale
Increased |fluid |intake |and |cranberry |juice |are |recommended |for |prevention |and |treatment
|of |urinary |tract |infections, |which |frequently |accompany |vaginal |infections. |It |is |not
|necessary |to |taper |use |of |this |drug |or |to |check |the |blood |pressure |daily, |as |this |condition |is
|not |related |to |hypertension. |Flagyl |can |cause |a |disulfiram-like |reaction |if |taken |in
|conjunction |with |ingestion |of |alcohol, |so |the |client |should |be |instructed |to |avoid |alcohol.
|All |sexual |partners |should |be |treated |at |the |same |time |and |condoms |should |be |used |until
|after |treatment |is |completed |to |avoid |reinfection.
A |client |receiving |albuterol |(Proventil) |tablets |complains |of |nausea |every |evening |with |her |9:00
p.m. |dose. |What |action |can |the |nurse |take |to |alleviate |this |side |effect?
A. Change |the |time |of |the |dose.
B. Hold |the |9 |p.m. |dose.
C. Administer |the |dose |with |a |snack.
D. Administer |an |antiemetic |with |the |dose. |- |answer>>C. |Administer |the |dose |with |a
snack. |Rationale
|
Administering |oral |doses |of |albuterol |with |food |helps |minimize |GI |discomfort.
Which |action |is |most |important |for |the |nurse |to |implement |prior |to |the |administration |of |the
|antiarrhythmic |drug |adenosine |(Adenocard)?
A. Assess |pupillary |response |to |light.
B. Instruct |the |client |that |facial |flushing |may |occur.
C. Apply |continuous |cardiac |monitoring.
D. Request |that |family |members |leave |the |room. |- |answer>>C. |Apply |continuous
|cardiac |monitoring.
Rationale
Adenosine |(Adenocard) |is |an |antiarrhythmic |drug |used |to |restore |a |normal |sinus |rhythm
|in |clients |with |rapid |supraventricular |tachycardia. |The |client's |heart |rate |should |be
|monitored |continuously |for |the |onset |of |additional |arrhythmias |while |receiving
|adenosine.
, A |postoperative |client |has |been |receiving |a |continuous |IV |infusion |of |meperidine |(Demerol)
|35 |mg/hr |for |four |days. |The |client |has |a |PRN |prescription |for |Demerol |100 |mg |PO |q3h. |The
|nurse |notes |that |the |client |has |become |increasingly |restless, |irritable |and |confused, |stating
|that |there |are |bugs |all |over |the |walls. |What |action |should |the |nurse |take |first?
A. Administer |a |PRN |dose |of |the |PO |meperidine |(Demerol).
B. Administer |naloxone |(Narcan) |IV |per |PRN |protocol.
C. Decrease |the |IV |infusion |rate |of |the |meperidine |(Demerol) |per |protocol.
D. Notify |the |healthcare |provider |of |the |client's |confusion |and |hallucinations. |-
|answer>>C. |Decrease |the |IV |infusion |rate |of |the |meperidine |(Demerol) |per |protocol.
Rationale
The |client |is |exhibiting |symptoms |of |Demerol |toxicity |which |is |consistent |with |the |large
|doses |of |Demerol |received |over |four |days. |Decreasing |the |infusion |rate |of |the |Demerol |as
|per |protocol |is |the |most |effective |action |to |immediately |decrease |the |amount |of |serum
|Demerol. |The |next |nursing |action |is |for |the |nurse |to |notify |the |healthcare |provider.
A |client |receiving |Doxorubicin |(Adriamycin) |intravenously |(IV) |complains |of |pain |at |the
|insertion |site, |and |the |nurse |notes |edema |at |the |site. |Which |intervention |is |most |important
|for |the |nurse |to |implement?
A. Assess |for |erythema.
B. Administer |the |antidote.
C. Apply |warm |compresses.
D. Discontinue |the |IV |fluids. |- |answer>>D. |Discontinue |the |IV |fluids.
Rationale
Doxorubicin |is |an |antineoplastic |agent |that |causes |inflammation, |blistering, |and |necrosis |of
|tissue |upon |extravasation. |First, |all |IV |fluids |should |be |discontinued |at |the |site |to |prevent
|further |tissue |damage |by |the |vesicant.
