Questions & Expertly Verified
Quiz_________________?
1. List two signs or symptoms a patient may present with that might indicate a cancer
diagnosis:
2. What are two systemic manifestations of cancer exhibited by cancer patients? -
Answer✅
1. S+S: Bleeding; sore that doesn't heal; fluid in the pleural, pericardial, or peritoneal spaces;
chest pain, shortness of breath, cough, abdominal discomfort or swelling. Other possible
answers can include a mass or lump, pain (need to be specific), fatigue, fevers, weight loss
2. Systemic: Weight loss, wasting of body fat and muscle tissue, weakness, anorexia, and
anemia, fatigue, sleep disturbances
Quiz_________________?
1. What are the three possible goals of cancer treatment?
2. How does radiation kill cancer cells? -
Answer✅
1. Curative, control, palliative
1
, 2. Radiation therapy uses high-energy particles or waves to destroy or damage cancer cells.
This leads to the creation of free radicals, which damage cell structures. Radiation can
interrupt the cell cycle process, kill cells, or damage DNA in the cells.
Quiz_________________?
A 40-year-old woman has experienced heavy menstrual bleeding. She was told she has a
uterine tumor called a leiomyoma. She is worried she has cancer. What do you tell her?
Explain at least 2 differences between a benign and malignant tumor. -
Answer✅
Leiomyoma is a benign tumor. (Leiomyosarcoma is malignant) Student can add any of the
following: Benign tumors are well-differentiated cells, resemble the cells of tissues of origin,
and have a slow, progressive rate of growth. They grow by expansion and remain localized
to their site of origin, not capable of metastasizing. They develop a rim of connective tissue
around the tumor called a fibrous capsule, which aids in surgical removal. Benign tumors are
less of a threat unless they interfere with vital functions
Malignant neoplasms invade and destroy tissue. They grow rapidly, spread to other parts of
the body, and lack well-defined margins. They can compress blood vessels and outgrow
their blood supply, causing ischemia and tissue injury. Surgery can be more difficult if it has
spread.
Quiz_________________?
A 62-year-old man with a 30-pack year smoking history is diagnosed with small cell lung
cancer with metastasis to the bone. (1) Explain the process of how cancer spreads
metastatically. (2) What symptoms might he have presented with? (3) Which screening test
would he have benefited from? -
Answer✅
(1) Metastasis- a cancer cell must break loose from the primary tumor, invade the
surrounding extracellular matrix, gain access to a blood vessel, survive its passage in the
bloodstream, emerge at a favorable location, invade the surrounding tissue, begin to grow,
and establish a blood supply. (2) Chest pain, shortness of breath, cough, bone pain. (3)
Yearly low-dose chest CT.
2
Quiz_________________?
1. List two signs or symptoms a patient may present with that might indicate a cancer
diagnosis:
2. What are two systemic manifestations of cancer exhibited by cancer patients? -
Answer✅
1. S+S: Bleeding; sore that doesn't heal; fluid in the pleural, pericardial, or peritoneal spaces;
chest pain, shortness of breath, cough, abdominal discomfort or swelling. Other possible
answers can include a mass or lump, pain (need to be specific), fatigue, fevers, weight loss
2. Systemic: Weight loss, wasting of body fat and muscle tissue, weakness, anorexia, and
anemia, fatigue, sleep disturbances
Quiz_________________?
1. What are the three possible goals of cancer treatment?
2. How does radiation kill cancer cells? -
Answer✅
1. Curative, control, palliative
1
, 2. Radiation therapy uses high-energy particles or waves to destroy or damage cancer cells.
This leads to the creation of free radicals, which damage cell structures. Radiation can
interrupt the cell cycle process, kill cells, or damage DNA in the cells.
Quiz_________________?
A 40-year-old woman has experienced heavy menstrual bleeding. She was told she has a
uterine tumor called a leiomyoma. She is worried she has cancer. What do you tell her?
Explain at least 2 differences between a benign and malignant tumor. -
Answer✅
Leiomyoma is a benign tumor. (Leiomyosarcoma is malignant) Student can add any of the
following: Benign tumors are well-differentiated cells, resemble the cells of tissues of origin,
and have a slow, progressive rate of growth. They grow by expansion and remain localized
to their site of origin, not capable of metastasizing. They develop a rim of connective tissue
around the tumor called a fibrous capsule, which aids in surgical removal. Benign tumors are
less of a threat unless they interfere with vital functions
Malignant neoplasms invade and destroy tissue. They grow rapidly, spread to other parts of
the body, and lack well-defined margins. They can compress blood vessels and outgrow
their blood supply, causing ischemia and tissue injury. Surgery can be more difficult if it has
spread.
Quiz_________________?
A 62-year-old man with a 30-pack year smoking history is diagnosed with small cell lung
cancer with metastasis to the bone. (1) Explain the process of how cancer spreads
metastatically. (2) What symptoms might he have presented with? (3) Which screening test
would he have benefited from? -
Answer✅
(1) Metastasis- a cancer cell must break loose from the primary tumor, invade the
surrounding extracellular matrix, gain access to a blood vessel, survive its passage in the
bloodstream, emerge at a favorable location, invade the surrounding tissue, begin to grow,
and establish a blood supply. (2) Chest pain, shortness of breath, cough, bone pain. (3)
Yearly low-dose chest CT.
2
