MATH 215 MIDTERM EXAM SCRIPT
EXAMINATION TEST FINAL PAPER 2026
GRADED A+.
◍ descriptive statistics - data summary (bar graphs, pie charts,
tables, histogram, etc.)
◍ descriptive statistics - measures of central tendency (mean,
median, mode)
◍ descriptive statistics - measures of variability (range, variance,
standard deviation)
◍ inferential statistics - using sample data to make an inference or
draw a conclusion of the population
◍ inferential statistics - uses probability to determine how confident
we can be that the conclusions we make are correct (confidence
intervals+margins of error)
◍ element/member - specific subject or object about which the info
is collected (person, firm, item, state, country)
,◍ variable - a characteristic under study that assumes different
values for different elements
◍ observation/measurement - value of a variable for an element
◍ data set - collection of observations on one or more variables
◍ discrete variable - variable whose values are countable
◍ continuous variable - variable that can assume any numerical
value over a certain interval or intervals
◍ cross-section data - data collected on different elements at the
same point in time or for the same period of time
◍ time-series data - data collected on the same element for the same
variable at different points in time or for different periods of time
◍ population - all elements-indivdiduals, items, or objects-whose
characteristics are being studied
◍ sample - portion of the population selected for the study
◍ census - survey that includes every member of the population
, ◍ sample survey - survey that includes only a portion of the
population
◍ representative sample - sample that represents the characteristics
of the population as closely as possible
◍ why sample? - time
◍ why sample? - cost
◍ why sample? - impossibility
◍ random sample - sample drawn in such a way that each member
of the population has some chance of being selected in the sample
◍ nonrandom sample - some members of the population may not
have any chance of being selected in the sample
◍ types of samples - convenience
◍ types of samples - judgement
◍ types of samples - quota
◍ types of non sampling errors - selection error
EXAMINATION TEST FINAL PAPER 2026
GRADED A+.
◍ descriptive statistics - data summary (bar graphs, pie charts,
tables, histogram, etc.)
◍ descriptive statistics - measures of central tendency (mean,
median, mode)
◍ descriptive statistics - measures of variability (range, variance,
standard deviation)
◍ inferential statistics - using sample data to make an inference or
draw a conclusion of the population
◍ inferential statistics - uses probability to determine how confident
we can be that the conclusions we make are correct (confidence
intervals+margins of error)
◍ element/member - specific subject or object about which the info
is collected (person, firm, item, state, country)
,◍ variable - a characteristic under study that assumes different
values for different elements
◍ observation/measurement - value of a variable for an element
◍ data set - collection of observations on one or more variables
◍ discrete variable - variable whose values are countable
◍ continuous variable - variable that can assume any numerical
value over a certain interval or intervals
◍ cross-section data - data collected on different elements at the
same point in time or for the same period of time
◍ time-series data - data collected on the same element for the same
variable at different points in time or for different periods of time
◍ population - all elements-indivdiduals, items, or objects-whose
characteristics are being studied
◍ sample - portion of the population selected for the study
◍ census - survey that includes every member of the population
, ◍ sample survey - survey that includes only a portion of the
population
◍ representative sample - sample that represents the characteristics
of the population as closely as possible
◍ why sample? - time
◍ why sample? - cost
◍ why sample? - impossibility
◍ random sample - sample drawn in such a way that each member
of the population has some chance of being selected in the sample
◍ nonrandom sample - some members of the population may not
have any chance of being selected in the sample
◍ types of samples - convenience
◍ types of samples - judgement
◍ types of samples - quota
◍ types of non sampling errors - selection error
