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HTH 100 EXAM 4 (SMITH) (Latest update ) QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 2025/2026 WITH COMPLETE SOLUTION

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HTH 100 EXAM 4 (SMITH) (Latest update ) QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 2025/2026 WITH COMPLETE SOLUTION What is a pathogen? - correct answer A microorganism that causes disease What is an epidemic? - correct answer A widespread occurrence of an infectious disease in a community at a particular time. What is a pandemic? - correct answer A global disease outbreak What is an endemic? - correct answer A disease that is always present to some degree but usually less impactful as time goes on (i.e. common cold) What is virulence? - correct answer Degree of pathogenicity What does it mean to be immunocompromised? - correct answer When an individual has a weak immune system and their immune system becomes impacted How do pathogens gain entry? - correct answer Wounds or physical trauma, direct contact, indirect contact (touching something an infected person touched), animal-bourne, interspecies-transmission, etc. What is animal-bourne diseases? - correct answer Carried by animals What does it mean to autoinoculate yourself? - correct answer When a person transmits a pathogen from one part of their body to another Risk factors you can control - correct answer Stress, nutrition, fitness level, sleep, drug use, personal hygiene, high-risk behaviors, exposure to products and services that increase risk Routes of disease transmission - correct answer Airborne, Direct Contact (blood / saliva /urine), reproductive, fomite (on surfaces), Vector (insects). Hard-to-control risk factors - correct answer Heredity, Age- weakened immune system (young or older adults), Environmental conditions-changes are increasing infectious diseases, Organism virulence and resistance- organisms mutated/more resistant to drugs

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HTH 100 EXAM 4 (SMITH) (Latest update
2026- 2027) QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
2025/2026 WITH COMPLETE SOLUTION


What is pre-diabetes? - correct answer When blood glucose levels that are higher
than normal but not yet high enough to be diagnosed as diabetes.


What is gestational diabetes? - correct answer Abnormal blood glucose maintenance

during pregnancy, occurs in 18 percent of all pregnancies, women that develop this
have between 40 and 50 percent chance of progressing to type 2 diabetes, increased

risk of birth-related complications (such as difficult labor, high bp, high blood acidity,
increased infections, or even death).


What are symptoms of diabetes? - correct answer High blood glucose level;

Need to urinate excessively;
Increased thirst and hunger;

Tiredness, Nerve damage, Poor wound healing and increased infections.


Complications of diabetes - correct answer Damage to heart and blood vessels,
kidneys, eyes, and nerves


What is fasting plasma glucose test? - correct answer Measuring blood glucose after

an overnight fast


What is oral glucose tolerance test? - correct answer Drink sugary fluid and monitor
blood sugar over 2 hour period every 30 minutes

, HTH 100 EXAM 4 (SMITH) (Latest update
2026- 2027) QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
2025/2026 WITH COMPLETE SOLUTION


At 2 hour mark:


140 mg/dL or below = normal

200 mg/dL or higher = diabetes


What is hemoglobin A1C test? - correct answer A regular blood glucose test to
determine the total blood sugar, done every 3-6 months by a physician


Type 1 diabetics blood glucose ranges - correct answer 80-130 mg/dL

After-meal numbers should be no higher than 180mg/dL two hrs after eating
Match injected insulin, fuel (food), and energy/activity level


How to prevent and treat diabetes - correct answer Certain lifestyle changes can
improve glucose levels. Such things such as losing weight, taking medications, etc


Specific complications of diabetes? - correct answer diabetic coma, cardiovascular
disease, kidney disease, amputations, eye disease and blindness, infectious diseases,

tooth and gum disease, other complications.


What is a pathogen? - correct answer A microorganism that causes disease
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