NSG 6420 MidTerm Review Questions with Correct Answers Latest Update 2025/2026
Mild
FEV1/FVC <70%
FEV1 </= 80% predicted
*Chronic cough/sputum production
*Pt unaware lung function abnormal - Answers COPD Stage 1
Moderate
FEV1/FVC <70%
FEV1 50-80% predicted
SOB w/ exertion
Cough & sputum production present - Answers COPD Stage 2
Severe
FEV1/FVC <70%
FEV1 30-50% predicted
Greater SOB
Reduced exercise capacity
Fatigue
Repeated exacerbations w/ impact on QOL - Answers COPD Stage 3
Very Severe
FEV1/FVC <70%
FEV1 <30% predicted
Resp Failure
Cor Pulmonale (elevated JVP & pitting ankle edema)
QOL very impaired
Exacerbations may be life threatening - Answers COPD Stage 4
,How does FEV1 decrease? - Answers Inflammation, narrowing of peripheral airways, airway
collapse in severe emphysema
COPD diagnosis? - Answers Spirometry
Primarily inflammatory with superimposed bronchospasm - Answers Asthma
Most common chronic respiratory disorder among all age groups - Answers Asthma
Exaggerated IgE immune response; all ____________ disorders are type I hypersensitivity
disorders - Answers Atopy
Immediate hypersensitivity
IgE mediated
Antigen binds to IgE that is bound to tissue mast cells & blood basophils, triggering release of
performed mediators (histamine, pretenses, chemotactic factors) & synthesis of other
mediators (prostaglandins, leukotrienes, platelet-activating factor, cytokines)
Causes vasodilation, increase capillary permeability, mucus hypersecretion
**Atopic disorders (allergic asthma, rhinitis, conjunctivitis), anaphylaxis, some cases of
angioedemia, urticarial, latex, & some food allergies
**Develop <1hr after exposure to antigen - Answers Type 1 hypersensitivity reaction
Allergies, eczema, & asthma - Answers Allergic triad of symptoms
Nasal polyps, astma, and ASA allergy - Answers Samter's triad
Most common symptoms of asthma - Answers Wheezing
Common only symptom of asthma
Can often delay dx of asthma
AKA cough variant asthma - Answers Cough
Best way to confirm asthma dx - Answers Bronchial provocation
S/s </= 2d/wk
PM awakenings </= 2d/wk
No interference w/ normal activity
0-1 exacerbations requiring oral steroids/yr - Answers Intermittent asthma
, Tx for intermittent asthma - Answers Step 1- SABA (albuterol prn)
S/s </= 2d/wk, but not daily
PM awakenings </= 3-4x/mo
SABA use >2d/wk, but not daily
Minor limitation - Answers Mild asthma
Tx for mild asthma - Answers Step 2- Low-dose inhaled corticosteroid (pulmicort), ALT-
cromolyn, LTRA, nedocromil or theophylline
S/s daily
PM awakenings >1x/wk, but not nightly
SABA use daily
Some limitation - Answers Moderate asthma
Tx for moderate asthma - Answers Step 3- Low-dose inhaled steroid + long-acting beta agonist
or medium-dose inhaled steroid & consider shot course of oral steroid
S/s throughout day
PM awakenings ~7x/wk
extremely limited - Answers Severe asthma
Tx for severe asthma - Answers Step 4- medium dose ICS + LABA or 5-high dose ICS + LABA &
consider omalizumab for patients with allergies, & consider short course of steroids
High dose ICS + LABA + oral corticosteroid ANDconsider omalizumab for pts with allergies -
Answers Step 6
High dose ICS + LABA ANDconsider omalizumab for patients with allergies - Answers Step 5
Medium dose ICS + LABA - Answers Step 4
Low dose ICS + LABAor- medium dose ICS - Answers Step 3
Low dose ICSALT- cromolyn, LTRA, nedocromil or theophylline - Answers Step 2
SABA prn - Answers Step 1
MCH<23MCV<80Serum Iron decTIBC incRDW>15%MICROCYTIC HYPOCHROMIC - Answers Iron
deficiency anemia (IDA)
Mild
FEV1/FVC <70%
FEV1 </= 80% predicted
*Chronic cough/sputum production
*Pt unaware lung function abnormal - Answers COPD Stage 1
Moderate
FEV1/FVC <70%
FEV1 50-80% predicted
SOB w/ exertion
Cough & sputum production present - Answers COPD Stage 2
Severe
FEV1/FVC <70%
FEV1 30-50% predicted
Greater SOB
Reduced exercise capacity
Fatigue
Repeated exacerbations w/ impact on QOL - Answers COPD Stage 3
Very Severe
FEV1/FVC <70%
FEV1 <30% predicted
Resp Failure
Cor Pulmonale (elevated JVP & pitting ankle edema)
QOL very impaired
Exacerbations may be life threatening - Answers COPD Stage 4
,How does FEV1 decrease? - Answers Inflammation, narrowing of peripheral airways, airway
collapse in severe emphysema
COPD diagnosis? - Answers Spirometry
Primarily inflammatory with superimposed bronchospasm - Answers Asthma
Most common chronic respiratory disorder among all age groups - Answers Asthma
Exaggerated IgE immune response; all ____________ disorders are type I hypersensitivity
disorders - Answers Atopy
Immediate hypersensitivity
IgE mediated
Antigen binds to IgE that is bound to tissue mast cells & blood basophils, triggering release of
performed mediators (histamine, pretenses, chemotactic factors) & synthesis of other
mediators (prostaglandins, leukotrienes, platelet-activating factor, cytokines)
Causes vasodilation, increase capillary permeability, mucus hypersecretion
**Atopic disorders (allergic asthma, rhinitis, conjunctivitis), anaphylaxis, some cases of
angioedemia, urticarial, latex, & some food allergies
**Develop <1hr after exposure to antigen - Answers Type 1 hypersensitivity reaction
Allergies, eczema, & asthma - Answers Allergic triad of symptoms
Nasal polyps, astma, and ASA allergy - Answers Samter's triad
Most common symptoms of asthma - Answers Wheezing
Common only symptom of asthma
Can often delay dx of asthma
AKA cough variant asthma - Answers Cough
Best way to confirm asthma dx - Answers Bronchial provocation
S/s </= 2d/wk
PM awakenings </= 2d/wk
No interference w/ normal activity
0-1 exacerbations requiring oral steroids/yr - Answers Intermittent asthma
, Tx for intermittent asthma - Answers Step 1- SABA (albuterol prn)
S/s </= 2d/wk, but not daily
PM awakenings </= 3-4x/mo
SABA use >2d/wk, but not daily
Minor limitation - Answers Mild asthma
Tx for mild asthma - Answers Step 2- Low-dose inhaled corticosteroid (pulmicort), ALT-
cromolyn, LTRA, nedocromil or theophylline
S/s daily
PM awakenings >1x/wk, but not nightly
SABA use daily
Some limitation - Answers Moderate asthma
Tx for moderate asthma - Answers Step 3- Low-dose inhaled steroid + long-acting beta agonist
or medium-dose inhaled steroid & consider shot course of oral steroid
S/s throughout day
PM awakenings ~7x/wk
extremely limited - Answers Severe asthma
Tx for severe asthma - Answers Step 4- medium dose ICS + LABA or 5-high dose ICS + LABA &
consider omalizumab for patients with allergies, & consider short course of steroids
High dose ICS + LABA + oral corticosteroid ANDconsider omalizumab for pts with allergies -
Answers Step 6
High dose ICS + LABA ANDconsider omalizumab for patients with allergies - Answers Step 5
Medium dose ICS + LABA - Answers Step 4
Low dose ICS + LABAor- medium dose ICS - Answers Step 3
Low dose ICSALT- cromolyn, LTRA, nedocromil or theophylline - Answers Step 2
SABA prn - Answers Step 1
MCH<23MCV<80Serum Iron decTIBC incRDW>15%MICROCYTIC HYPOCHROMIC - Answers Iron
deficiency anemia (IDA)
