EC-Council Certified Security Specialist (ECSS) Exam Questions with Correct Answers Latest Update 2025/2026

EC-Council Certified Security Specialist (ECSS) Exam Questions with Correct Answers Latest Update 2025/2026 Info Security (IS) - Answers Securing data Protect interests of individuals Need for Security - Answers Focus of technology is on ease of use Hackers do not need mad skills More networked devices Increasing complexity Elements of Info Security - Answers Confidentiality Integrity Availability Authenticity - Non-Repudiation (use digital signatures) CIA Triangle restrictions - Answers More Security means less Functionality and Usability Info Security Attack Vectors - Answers Cloud computing malware focus on mobile botnet (used to perform DDOS attacks) insider attack Info Security Threat Categories - Answers Network, Host, and Application Types of Attacks - Answers OS vulnerabilities Illegal access Application level attacks Exploitation of settings and incomplete code Trends in Security - Answers Source code leaks Malware 64-bit malware Malware researcher evasion Spearfishing (execs) Java is exploitable Cloud data Info Sec Laws and Regulations - Answers Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard ISO/IEC HIPAA Sarbanes Oxley Act Digital Millennium Copyright Act Federal Info Sec Mgmt Act Network - Answers Cluster of computers - commonly connected logically Good for sharing resources, but maintenance costs and vulnerability to threats are disadvantages Types of Networks - Answers Most common are Local Area network (LAN) - usually in home and Wide Area Network (WAN) - public network across large geographic area Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) - Answers Desire to connect computers started in 1970s 1984 was beginning of first OSI/Reference Model Uses seven layers (kind of like an onion) Application Layer - Answers E.g., web browsers Provides users access to a network Presentation Layer - Answers Makes the data legible in the Application Layer - not implemented Session Layer - Answers Establishes and manages communication sessions between hosts - not implemented Transport Layer - Answers Breaks data into packets (TCP/UDP) for transfers/streams Network Layer - Answers Establishes paths for data transfer Uses routers IP addresses Functions include global addressing, routing of data packets, fault handling, and traffic control Data Link Layer - Answers Encodes and decodes data packets into bits Has two sub-layers Standards include Ethernet, Wi-Fi, Frame and PPP Physical Layer - Answers Hardware components are connected Protocols are ISDN, POTS, and Bluetooth TCP/IP Model - Answers Has five layers - just about everything happens in the Application Layer Was developed with protocols that grew up with Internet needs Protocols - Answers Set of rules for communication, called a protocol stack