AP Biology Exam Review UPDATED Study Guide QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS

AP Biology Exam Review UPDATED Study
Guide QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
ANSWERS
mitosis - CORRECT ANSWERS part of eukaryotic cell division during
which the cell nucleus divides


cytokinesis - CORRECT ANSWERS division of the cytoplasm during
cell division


chromatids - CORRECT ANSWERS one of the two identical "sister"
parts of a duplicated chromosome


centromeres - CORRECT ANSWERS area where the chromatids of a
chromosome are attached


interphase - CORRECT ANSWERS period of the cell cycle between cell
division


cell cycle - CORRECT ANSWERS series of events that cells go through
as they grow and divide


prophase - CORRECT ANSWERS first and longest phase of mitosis,
during which the chromosomes become visible and the centrioles separate and
take up positions on the cell's DNA


centrioles - CORRECT ANSWERS one of the two tiny structures located
in the cytoplasm of animal cels near the nuclear envelope

,spindle - CORRECT ANSWERS fanlike microtubule structure that helps
separate the chromosomes during mitosis


metaphase - CORRECT ANSWERS second phase of mitosis, during
which the chromosomes line up across the center of the cell


anaphase - CORRECT ANSWERS the third phase of mitosis, during
which the chromosome pairs separate and move toward opposite poles


telophase - CORRECT ANSWERS fourth and final phase of mitosis,
during which the chromosomes begin to disperse into a tangle of dense material


cyclin - CORRECT ANSWERS one of a family of closely related
proteins that regulate the cell cycle in eukaryotic cells


cancer - CORRECT ANSWERS disorder in which some of the body's
own cells lose the ability to control growth


genetics - CORRECT ANSWERS scientific study of heredity


fertilization - CORRECT ANSWERS process in sexual reproduction in
which male and female reproductive cells join to form a new cell


true-breeding - CORRECT ANSWERS term used to describe organisms
that produce offspring identical to themselves if allowed to self-pollinate


trait - CORRECT ANSWERS specific characteristic that varies from one
individual to another

,hybrids - CORRECT ANSWERS offspring of crosses between parents
with different traits


genes - CORRECT ANSWERS sequence of DNA that codes for a
protein and thus determines a trait


alleles - CORRECT ANSWERS one of a number of different forms of a
gene


segregation - CORRECT ANSWERS separation of alleles during gamete
formation


gametes - CORRECT ANSWERS specialized cell involved in sexual
reproduction


probability - CORRECT ANSWERS likelihood that a particular event
will occur


punnett square - CORRECT ANSWERS diagram showing the gene
combinations that might result from a genetic cross


homozygous - CORRECT ANSWERS term used to refer to an organism
that has two identical alleles for a particular trait


heterozygous - CORRECT ANSWERS term used to refer to an organism
that has two different alleles for the same trait


phenotype - CORRECT ANSWERS physical characteristics of an
organism

, genotype - CORRECT ANSWERS genetic makeup of an organism


independent assortment - CORRECT ANSWERS independent
segregation of genes during the formation of gametes


incomplete dominance - CORRECT ANSWERS situation in which one
allele is not completely dominant over another


codominance - CORRECT ANSWERS situation in which both alleles of
a gene contribute to the phenotype of the organism


multiple alleles - CORRECT ANSWERS three or more alleles of the
same gene


polygenic traits - CORRECT ANSWERS trait controlled by two or more
genes


homologous - CORRECT ANSWERS term used to refer to
chromosomes that each have a corresponding chromosome from the opposite-
sex parent


diploid - CORRECT ANSWERS term used to refer to a cell that contains
both sets of homologous chromosomes


haploid - CORRECT ANSWERS term used to refer to a cell that contains
only a single set of chromosomes and therefore only a single set of genes