Natural Hazards
A Natural Hazard is a threat to people or property
A Natural Hazard is a natural process which
cause death, injury or disruption to humans, or
destroy property or possessions.
There are two main types of Natural Hazards
Meteorological Hazards
Geological Hazards
Meteorological Hazards are
Geological Hazards are caused
caused by weather and climate.
by land and tectonic processes.
These include tropical storms
These include Volcanoes and
and extreme weather.
Earthquakes!
Different Factors Affect the Hazard Risk from Natural Hazards
Hazard risk is the probability of people being affected by a hazard in a particular
area. There are several factors that can affect the Hazard risk
Vulnerability Capacity to Cope
The more people that are in the The better a population can
area exposed to the natural cope with an extreme event the
hazards, the greater the probability lower the risk of them being
they will be affect by a natural severely affected
Nature of Natural Hazards
hazard.
Type - The risk of some hazards are greater than others
Frequency - Natural Hazards than occur more often carry a higher risk
Magnitude - More severe hazards tend to have the greatest effects
, Natural Hazards
Effects
Natural Hazards have Primary and Secondary effects.
The Primary effects of a Natural Hazard are the immediate impacts caused by the hazard itself.
Primary effects can include:
Buildings and roads are
Electricity cables, gas
destroyed by earthquakes,
pipes and communication
volcanic eruptions or
networks can be
tropical storms
damaged.
People are injured or Crops and water
killed. supplies can be
Eg. When buildings damaged or
collapse. contaminated
Secondary effects.
The Secondary effects happen later on, often as a result of the primary effects.
Secondary effects can include:
Emergency aid vehicles can’t
The initial Hazard can trigger
get through because of the
other hazards
blocked roads. Can cause
Eg. Earthquakes can trigger
more deaths.
Tsunamis
A shortage of clean water. Makes it Food shortages can occur if crops
easier for diseases to spread are damaged
, Natural Hazards
Responses
Immediate and long term responses to an Natural Hazards are key to coping with the event
Responses have to be dealt with before, during or immediately after the natural disaster to stop
further loss of life and damage to property. Others are dealt with in the longer term.
Immediate Responses include:
Evacuate people. Foreign governments many
Before the hazard send aid workers, supplies
occurs if possible or financial donations
Provide food, drink Recover dead bodies
and shelter to prevent disease.
Treat the injured
and rescue anyone.
Long Term Responses Include
Repair or rebuild buildings, Repair homes or rehouse people
roads, railways and bridges who have lost their homes
Boost economic Improve building regulations so
recovery . that buildings can withstand
Promote tourism similar hazards in the future
Improve forecasting,
monitoring and
evacuation plans
, Tectonic Hazards
The Earths surface is made of huge floating plates that are constantly moving
The Earth’s surface is separated into Tectonic Plates.
The Earths crust is divided into slabs called tectonic plates that float on the mantle
Plates are made up of 2 types of crust.
Continental Oceanic
Crust is thicker. (30-50km) Crust is thinner. (5-10km)
Less dense More dense
The places where plates meet are called plate margins or plate boundaries.
These Plates are moving because of convection currents in the mantle.
The crust is the outer layer of the earth. The crust
is the solid rock layer upon which we live
The mantle is the widest section of the earth. The mantle is made
up of semi-molten rock called magma. In the upper parts of the
mantle the rock is hard, but lower down the rock is soft and
beginning to melt
The inner core is in the centre and is the hottest part of the
earth. It is solid and with temperatures of up to 5,500c .with it
immense heat energy. It is like the engine room of the earth.
The outer core is the layer surrounding the inner core. It is
a liquid layer. It is still extremely hot, with temperatures similar
to the inner core
A Natural Hazard is a threat to people or property
A Natural Hazard is a natural process which
cause death, injury or disruption to humans, or
destroy property or possessions.
There are two main types of Natural Hazards
Meteorological Hazards
Geological Hazards
Meteorological Hazards are
Geological Hazards are caused
caused by weather and climate.
by land and tectonic processes.
These include tropical storms
These include Volcanoes and
and extreme weather.
Earthquakes!
Different Factors Affect the Hazard Risk from Natural Hazards
Hazard risk is the probability of people being affected by a hazard in a particular
area. There are several factors that can affect the Hazard risk
Vulnerability Capacity to Cope
The more people that are in the The better a population can
area exposed to the natural cope with an extreme event the
hazards, the greater the probability lower the risk of them being
they will be affect by a natural severely affected
Nature of Natural Hazards
hazard.
Type - The risk of some hazards are greater than others
Frequency - Natural Hazards than occur more often carry a higher risk
Magnitude - More severe hazards tend to have the greatest effects
, Natural Hazards
Effects
Natural Hazards have Primary and Secondary effects.
The Primary effects of a Natural Hazard are the immediate impacts caused by the hazard itself.
Primary effects can include:
Buildings and roads are
Electricity cables, gas
destroyed by earthquakes,
pipes and communication
volcanic eruptions or
networks can be
tropical storms
damaged.
People are injured or Crops and water
killed. supplies can be
Eg. When buildings damaged or
collapse. contaminated
Secondary effects.
The Secondary effects happen later on, often as a result of the primary effects.
Secondary effects can include:
Emergency aid vehicles can’t
The initial Hazard can trigger
get through because of the
other hazards
blocked roads. Can cause
Eg. Earthquakes can trigger
more deaths.
Tsunamis
A shortage of clean water. Makes it Food shortages can occur if crops
easier for diseases to spread are damaged
, Natural Hazards
Responses
Immediate and long term responses to an Natural Hazards are key to coping with the event
Responses have to be dealt with before, during or immediately after the natural disaster to stop
further loss of life and damage to property. Others are dealt with in the longer term.
Immediate Responses include:
Evacuate people. Foreign governments many
Before the hazard send aid workers, supplies
occurs if possible or financial donations
Provide food, drink Recover dead bodies
and shelter to prevent disease.
Treat the injured
and rescue anyone.
Long Term Responses Include
Repair or rebuild buildings, Repair homes or rehouse people
roads, railways and bridges who have lost their homes
Boost economic Improve building regulations so
recovery . that buildings can withstand
Promote tourism similar hazards in the future
Improve forecasting,
monitoring and
evacuation plans
, Tectonic Hazards
The Earths surface is made of huge floating plates that are constantly moving
The Earth’s surface is separated into Tectonic Plates.
The Earths crust is divided into slabs called tectonic plates that float on the mantle
Plates are made up of 2 types of crust.
Continental Oceanic
Crust is thicker. (30-50km) Crust is thinner. (5-10km)
Less dense More dense
The places where plates meet are called plate margins or plate boundaries.
These Plates are moving because of convection currents in the mantle.
The crust is the outer layer of the earth. The crust
is the solid rock layer upon which we live
The mantle is the widest section of the earth. The mantle is made
up of semi-molten rock called magma. In the upper parts of the
mantle the rock is hard, but lower down the rock is soft and
beginning to melt
The inner core is in the centre and is the hottest part of the
earth. It is solid and with temperatures of up to 5,500c .with it
immense heat energy. It is like the engine room of the earth.
The outer core is the layer surrounding the inner core. It is
a liquid layer. It is still extremely hot, with temperatures similar
to the inner core
