Anatomy and Physiology Chapter 1 quiz review |Strategies Review of Key Quizzes & Correct Answers.

Anatomy and Physiology Chapter 1 quiz review |Strategies Review of Key Quizzes & Correct Answers. Quiz_________________? Describe a chemical bond? - Answer Force or attraction between positive and negative charges that keeps atoms closely together Quiz_________________? Describe a covalent bond? - Answer Covalent bonds share electrons between atoms (ex: H20 or water) Quiz_________________? Describe a disulfide bond? - Answer covalent bond formed between two atoms of sulfur (ex: strand of hair maintains its shape) Quiz_________________? Describe a Hydrogen bond? - Answer does not involve the sharing of electrons but results in hydrogen atoms (ex: water molecules are attracted to nearby water molecules to form surface tension) Quiz_________________? Describe an ionic bond? - Answer Involves loss of electron of one atom and the gaining of an electron on another atom (ex: NaCl or salt) Quiz_________________? Identify the layers of epithelium - Answer Quiz_________________? Name some ways the body uses homeostasis? - Answer Positive and negative feedback mechanisms Quiz_________________? Point out cell organelles and name - Answer Quiz_________________? Review the types of cells by shape - Answer Quiz_________________? What are the 2 major types of membranes found in the body? - Answer 1. Epithelial membranes 2. Connective Tissue membranes Quiz_________________? What are the 3 most popular body planes? - Answer 1. Sagittal plane which divides left from right (cut down the middle would be mid-sagittal) 2. Frontal plane which divides the body front to back (Coronal) 3. Transverse plane which is a horizontal plane that separates the body into upper and lower portions (cuts you at belly button into upper body and lower body) Quiz_________________? What are the 6 types of epithelial tissue? - Answer 1. Simple squamous -one layer of flat cells (alveoli of lungs, permits diffusion of gases) 2. Stratified squamous- many layers of cells (epidermis, lining of esophagus and vagina) 3. Transitional- many layers of cells (lining of bladder, permits expansion) 4. Cuboidal- one layer of cube shaped cells (thyroid gland, salivary gland, kidney tubules) excretory 5. Columnar- One layer of column shaped cells (lining of stomach, lining of small intestine and absorbs products in digestion) 6. Ciliated- one lay of columnar cells with cilia on free surfaces (lining of trachea to sweep mucus and dust pharynx and lining of fallopian tube to sweep ovum toward uterus) Quiz_________________? What are the 7 types of connective tissue? - Answer 1. Blood- plasma, RBC, WBC and platelets 2. Areolar- Subcutaneous. Connects skin to muscles. Mucous membranes 3. Adipose- Subcutaneous. Sores excess energy in fat. (insulation) 4. Fibrous- Tendons and ligaments and dermis of skin (strong) 5. Elastic- Walls of large arteries and alveoli in lungs (promotes normal exhalation and helps maintain blood pressure) 6. Bone- Support the body, protect internal organs, store calcium and contain and protect red bone marrow 7. Cartilage- Wall of trachea to keep airway open, on joint surfaces to prevent friction, tips of nose and outer ears. Absorbs shock between vertebrae Quiz_________________? What are the cell organelles and what do they do? - Answer ER or endoplasmic reticulum- are tubules that transport materials necessary for cell function within the cell. Ribosomes- are very small structures made of protein and ribosomal RNA and are found on the surface of rough ER. Proteasome- is a barrel shaped organelle made of enzymes that cut protein molecules apart. Golgi apparatus- are flat, membranous sacs where carbohydrates are synthesized and are packed with other materials for cellular secretion. Mitochondria- are oval organelles bound by a double membrane where cell respiration takes place and site of ATP production. Lysosomes- are single membrane structures that contain digestive enzymes and eat dead cells and bacteria . Centrioles- are a pair of rod shaped structures outside the nucleus that spindle fibers during cell division. Cilia and Flagella- are thread-like projections through the cell membrane that can sweep materials across cell surface and flagellum provide mobility of the cell. Microvilli- are folds of the cell membrane that increase surface area of membrane when needed. They are good for absorption of nutrients as well. Cytoskeleton- are the framework and support of the cell. Made of microfiliaments. Quiz_________________? What are the different kinds of bonding atoms? - Answer 1. Chemical bonds 2. Ionic bonds 3. Covalent bonds 4. Disulfide and Hydrogen bonds