Exam 4 Nur 1025/ NUR 1025 Final Exam review WITH
COMPLETE SOLUTION NEW EDITION
How many chambers does the heart have? - Ans 4
What receives the deoxygenated blood from the body? - Ans The right atrium
A er the deoxygenated blood from the body goes into the R atrium where does it go next? -
Ans into the right ventricle
The deoxygenated blood from the R. ventricle goes where next? - Ans into the pulmonary
artery to bring blood to the lungs to reoxygenate
A er the blood reoxygenates in the lungs where does it go? - Ans Into the le atrium, then to
the le ventricle
A er the blood goes thru the Le atrium and ventricle where does it go? - Ans into the aorta
Once the blood is in the aorta where does it go? - Ans gives oxygenated blood into the body
Perfusion refers to? - Ans the flow of blood through the arteries and capillaries delivering
nutrients and oxygen to cells
Perfusion is a normal physiological process that requires the heart to do what? - Ans generate
sufficient cardiac output to transport blood thru the body
, What happens related to perfusion when a baby takes it's first breath when born? - Ans - the
lungs inflate reducing pulmonary vascular resistance to blood flow.
- The pressure increases to L atrium, which closes foramen ovale.
- drop in pressure promotes closure of the ductus arteriousus. (within 72 hours of birth)
What is patent ductus arteriosus (PDA)? - Ans abnormal persistent open ductus arteriousus.
Found between the aorta and pulmonary artery
When is PDA a normal finding? - Ans up to 72 hours a er birth, but it should close within 72
hours.
Failure of PDA closure causes what? - Ans increased pulmonary blood flow (too much blood
flow to the lungs)
PDA is common in what type of infants? - Ans preterm
How is the blood shun3ng in PDA? - Ans le to right shun3ng
How is PDA fixed? - Ans with medica3ons or surgery, prognosis is good
What medica3on can be given to close the ductus arteriosus? - Ans indomethacin, a
prostaglandin inhibitor
What are some s/s of PDA? - Ans - Crackles
- SOB
- Dyspnea
- Tachypnea
, What is a ventricular septal defect (VSD)? - Ans Opening between the right and le ventricular
chambers of the heart. Causes le to right shun3ng
VSD is one of the most common what? - Ans congenital heart defects
Spontaneous closure of small VSD occurs in how many children by age 2? - Ans 1/2
If VSD does not close by 2 what is done? - Ans surgical repair to prevent development of
pulmonary disease
Due to le to right shun3ng in VSD the heart must work harder causing? - Ans right ventricular
hypertrophy, causing ventricle to be smaller pu:ng pressure on heart
Right ventricular hypertrophy causes what? - Ans pulmonary hypertension
What are the clinical manifesta3ons of a baby with asymptoma3c VSD? - Ans heart murmur
What are other clinical manifesta3ons of VSD? - Ans - increased pulmonary vascular resistance
leading to pulmonary HTN and R ventricular hypertrophy
- SOB
- FTT
- Feeding difficul3es
- Murmur loud and harsh (heard 4-8 weeks)
- Systolic thrill in lower le sternal border
- Recurrent respiratory infec3ons
, What diagnos3c tests will you do for VSD? - Ans - Echocardiogram
- MRI
- Cardiac cath
What will you monitor in an infant with VSD? - Ans - feeding tolerance; offer small feedings and
increased calories
- s/s of CHF
- Increased WOB; cluster care
- monitor growth paAern
- educate parents to follow up with cardiologist
What is conges3ve heart failure (CHF)? - Ans When the heart cannot supply enough
oxygenated blood to meet metabolic needs of the body
What is right sided heart failure? - Ans right ventricle cannot pump blood into the pulmonary
artery (body affected)
What is le sided heart failure? - Ans blood is backed into the le atrium pulmonary veins (le
lungs affected)
What are you looking for in an assessment for CHF? - Ans - edema of face, hands, feet, or wt
gain
- tachypnea
- SOB
- fa3gue, swea3ng with minimal ac3vity
- poor appe3te, 3res easily with feeding, poor growth
- clubbing
COMPLETE SOLUTION NEW EDITION
How many chambers does the heart have? - Ans 4
What receives the deoxygenated blood from the body? - Ans The right atrium
A er the deoxygenated blood from the body goes into the R atrium where does it go next? -
Ans into the right ventricle
The deoxygenated blood from the R. ventricle goes where next? - Ans into the pulmonary
artery to bring blood to the lungs to reoxygenate
A er the blood reoxygenates in the lungs where does it go? - Ans Into the le atrium, then to
the le ventricle
A er the blood goes thru the Le atrium and ventricle where does it go? - Ans into the aorta
Once the blood is in the aorta where does it go? - Ans gives oxygenated blood into the body
Perfusion refers to? - Ans the flow of blood through the arteries and capillaries delivering
nutrients and oxygen to cells
Perfusion is a normal physiological process that requires the heart to do what? - Ans generate
sufficient cardiac output to transport blood thru the body
, What happens related to perfusion when a baby takes it's first breath when born? - Ans - the
lungs inflate reducing pulmonary vascular resistance to blood flow.
- The pressure increases to L atrium, which closes foramen ovale.
- drop in pressure promotes closure of the ductus arteriousus. (within 72 hours of birth)
What is patent ductus arteriosus (PDA)? - Ans abnormal persistent open ductus arteriousus.
Found between the aorta and pulmonary artery
When is PDA a normal finding? - Ans up to 72 hours a er birth, but it should close within 72
hours.
Failure of PDA closure causes what? - Ans increased pulmonary blood flow (too much blood
flow to the lungs)
PDA is common in what type of infants? - Ans preterm
How is the blood shun3ng in PDA? - Ans le to right shun3ng
How is PDA fixed? - Ans with medica3ons or surgery, prognosis is good
What medica3on can be given to close the ductus arteriosus? - Ans indomethacin, a
prostaglandin inhibitor
What are some s/s of PDA? - Ans - Crackles
- SOB
- Dyspnea
- Tachypnea
, What is a ventricular septal defect (VSD)? - Ans Opening between the right and le ventricular
chambers of the heart. Causes le to right shun3ng
VSD is one of the most common what? - Ans congenital heart defects
Spontaneous closure of small VSD occurs in how many children by age 2? - Ans 1/2
If VSD does not close by 2 what is done? - Ans surgical repair to prevent development of
pulmonary disease
Due to le to right shun3ng in VSD the heart must work harder causing? - Ans right ventricular
hypertrophy, causing ventricle to be smaller pu:ng pressure on heart
Right ventricular hypertrophy causes what? - Ans pulmonary hypertension
What are the clinical manifesta3ons of a baby with asymptoma3c VSD? - Ans heart murmur
What are other clinical manifesta3ons of VSD? - Ans - increased pulmonary vascular resistance
leading to pulmonary HTN and R ventricular hypertrophy
- SOB
- FTT
- Feeding difficul3es
- Murmur loud and harsh (heard 4-8 weeks)
- Systolic thrill in lower le sternal border
- Recurrent respiratory infec3ons
, What diagnos3c tests will you do for VSD? - Ans - Echocardiogram
- MRI
- Cardiac cath
What will you monitor in an infant with VSD? - Ans - feeding tolerance; offer small feedings and
increased calories
- s/s of CHF
- Increased WOB; cluster care
- monitor growth paAern
- educate parents to follow up with cardiologist
What is conges3ve heart failure (CHF)? - Ans When the heart cannot supply enough
oxygenated blood to meet metabolic needs of the body
What is right sided heart failure? - Ans right ventricle cannot pump blood into the pulmonary
artery (body affected)
What is le sided heart failure? - Ans blood is backed into the le atrium pulmonary veins (le
lungs affected)
What are you looking for in an assessment for CHF? - Ans - edema of face, hands, feet, or wt
gain
- tachypnea
- SOB
- fa3gue, swea3ng with minimal ac3vity
- poor appe3te, 3res easily with feeding, poor growth
- clubbing
