HIS1925 – Comprehensive Overview of Post-
WWI Treaties, League of Nations, USA 1920s
Economy and Society
treaty of versailles - peace treaty signed at the end of World War I, in 1919
terms of Treaty of Versailles - Germany had to accept full responsibility for WW1.
Germany had to pay £6,600 million in reparations
Army was limited to 100,000 men
Conscription banned
No armored vehicles or tanks
Only 6 battleships
Demilitarised Rhineland
Anschluss forbidden
Czechoslovakia was formed as a new country (contained sudetenland)
France would keep Saarland (coal fields) for 15 years
terms of Treaty of Versailles in figures - Germany lost:
10% of its land
All of its overseas colonies
12.5% of its population
,16% of its coal fields
50% of its iron and steel industry
why did Germany sign the T of V? - Germany weren't allowed to be at the negotiations
Forced to, if not then the allies would declared war on them, which they could not
afford
league of nations - president wilsons idea. Came out of the versailles conference. Aim was to
create world peace and no wars. They believed they would achieve this by negotiation. A
total of 63 countries were involved
Diktat - Germany was FORCED to sign T of V, had no other option. being dictated into
signing it.
double standards - Even though Germany was complaining about the T of V, they had a much
harsher treaty with Russia (Brest-Litovsk 1918).
was Treaty of Versailles fair? - Yes - needed to pay for damage caused
alliance had caused war to break out
navy was a threat to world peace
shows consequences of war
was Treaty of Versailles fair? - No - Lead to hyperinflation,
population suffered ,
countries needed punishment,
economically damaged, harder to recover,
,whole blame,
excluded from 14 point plan,
resentment in germany
Woodrow Wilson's attitude towards Germany - didn't want to be too harsh on Germany
because they might retaliate.
self determination - against empires.
Woodrow Wilson's aims for the T of V - To build peace - peace across the world through
cooperation
strengthen democracy
14 point plan
Georges Clemenceau's attitude towards Germany - France had suffered enormous damage to
its land
over 2/3 of men served in WW1 were killed or injured
Germany was getting stronger
Georges Clemenceau's aims for the T of V - wanted Germany to suffer
wanted them to split into smaller states
demanded the Treaty would weaken Germany
see Germany suffer and France prosper
David Lloyd George aims for the T of V - Didn't want future retaliation or revenge
keen on Germany losing colonies and navy
, middle ground
David Lloyd George's attitude towards Germany - wanted them to be punished but not too
harshly
fear of communism
British public wanted Germany to be punished
consequences for Germany coming from the T of V - 1923-25 - Failure to pay reparations -
occupation of the Ruhr by French/Belgian soldiers, seized goods, 100 German workers killed,
strike stopped working, negative affect on Germany.
Hyperinflation - The German government overprinted money in an attempt to pay back
reparations. Devalued currency.People lost savings/jobs = poverty.
Kapp Putsch - attempted revolution to overthrow the government - right wing, ex soldiers
who hated/blamed the government for the T of V.
Treaty of Trianon - Dealt with Hungary. Transylvania given to Romania. Slovakia and
Ruthenia given to Czechoslovakia. Slovenia and Croatia given to Yugoslavia. Other
territories given to Romania 3 mil Hungarians in different countries, loss of raw materials -
couldn't pay reparations.
Treaty of St. Germain - Dealt with Austria. Gave Bohemia and Moravia to the new state of
Czechoslovakia. Bosnia Herzegovina and Croatia given to Yugoslavia. Sorted out the Chaotic
jumble of territory into new states. Italy wanted more land. Eastern Europeans given self
determination.
WWI Treaties, League of Nations, USA 1920s
Economy and Society
treaty of versailles - peace treaty signed at the end of World War I, in 1919
terms of Treaty of Versailles - Germany had to accept full responsibility for WW1.
Germany had to pay £6,600 million in reparations
Army was limited to 100,000 men
Conscription banned
No armored vehicles or tanks
Only 6 battleships
Demilitarised Rhineland
Anschluss forbidden
Czechoslovakia was formed as a new country (contained sudetenland)
France would keep Saarland (coal fields) for 15 years
terms of Treaty of Versailles in figures - Germany lost:
10% of its land
All of its overseas colonies
12.5% of its population
,16% of its coal fields
50% of its iron and steel industry
why did Germany sign the T of V? - Germany weren't allowed to be at the negotiations
Forced to, if not then the allies would declared war on them, which they could not
afford
league of nations - president wilsons idea. Came out of the versailles conference. Aim was to
create world peace and no wars. They believed they would achieve this by negotiation. A
total of 63 countries were involved
Diktat - Germany was FORCED to sign T of V, had no other option. being dictated into
signing it.
double standards - Even though Germany was complaining about the T of V, they had a much
harsher treaty with Russia (Brest-Litovsk 1918).
was Treaty of Versailles fair? - Yes - needed to pay for damage caused
alliance had caused war to break out
navy was a threat to world peace
shows consequences of war
was Treaty of Versailles fair? - No - Lead to hyperinflation,
population suffered ,
countries needed punishment,
economically damaged, harder to recover,
,whole blame,
excluded from 14 point plan,
resentment in germany
Woodrow Wilson's attitude towards Germany - didn't want to be too harsh on Germany
because they might retaliate.
self determination - against empires.
Woodrow Wilson's aims for the T of V - To build peace - peace across the world through
cooperation
strengthen democracy
14 point plan
Georges Clemenceau's attitude towards Germany - France had suffered enormous damage to
its land
over 2/3 of men served in WW1 were killed or injured
Germany was getting stronger
Georges Clemenceau's aims for the T of V - wanted Germany to suffer
wanted them to split into smaller states
demanded the Treaty would weaken Germany
see Germany suffer and France prosper
David Lloyd George aims for the T of V - Didn't want future retaliation or revenge
keen on Germany losing colonies and navy
, middle ground
David Lloyd George's attitude towards Germany - wanted them to be punished but not too
harshly
fear of communism
British public wanted Germany to be punished
consequences for Germany coming from the T of V - 1923-25 - Failure to pay reparations -
occupation of the Ruhr by French/Belgian soldiers, seized goods, 100 German workers killed,
strike stopped working, negative affect on Germany.
Hyperinflation - The German government overprinted money in an attempt to pay back
reparations. Devalued currency.People lost savings/jobs = poverty.
Kapp Putsch - attempted revolution to overthrow the government - right wing, ex soldiers
who hated/blamed the government for the T of V.
Treaty of Trianon - Dealt with Hungary. Transylvania given to Romania. Slovakia and
Ruthenia given to Czechoslovakia. Slovenia and Croatia given to Yugoslavia. Other
territories given to Romania 3 mil Hungarians in different countries, loss of raw materials -
couldn't pay reparations.
Treaty of St. Germain - Dealt with Austria. Gave Bohemia and Moravia to the new state of
Czechoslovakia. Bosnia Herzegovina and Croatia given to Yugoslavia. Sorted out the Chaotic
jumble of territory into new states. Italy wanted more land. Eastern Europeans given self
determination.
