Mitosis & Meiosis
MitOSIS: process that allows a cell to make an exact
copy of itself
Somatic cells : all cells that are non
gametes
Drowth Cell Division :
X
Regeneratina un
[produces 2 identical
daughter cells. ]
Blood cells = 120 days daughter cell (diploid cells centromere
each chromosome
Shin Cells =
2 weeks
Steps :
1) phrophase : &
makes an exact copy o
itself. Nuclear membrane
disappears .
Nerve cells
- cannot be repaired---- chromosomes
f
2) Metaphase
M eiosis : , :natibesatig
I
Cellular devision used
,3) Anaphase
in Sexual Spindle fibres pull
: Exxo apart chromosomes.
reproduction 4 non-identical daughter cells *T pull them to opposite
ends .
·
Chromosomes
Step make
4) Telophase
&Nuclear
memora
:
exact copies of themselve
around
&
I each mass Of
chromosomes
nuclear membranes
# disappears
/
15)
chromatids Cross-ove
b) Cytokinesis
DNA
exchanges combine genetics
: ⑤
cell pinches
in middle
apart
-1
. Makes
⑭ -
two identical
mitotic spindles form daughter cells
[Differences
- -
.
-
- -
s :
C)
i cytokenisis
Y -- Mitosis Meiosis :
/ occurs all over
only in
gametes
d) non-Identical cells
I
·
Z identical d Cells
.
4 non-identical d .
Cells
·
each d. cell 46 chromosomes each d. cell 23 chromosomes
/17
e) /I / cell divides 1 time ·
cell divides twice
& Cytokenesis
I
·
No crossover Is crossover
purpose :
purpose : produce reproductive
f) XX M *
4 non-identical I replaceexistinga cells
daughter cells.
I
, Cells Tissues & ,
Cell Cultures
~ 10 trillion cells in human
Cli
body .
I
refre produced outside
organism
ima
.
-
Function :grafts Vaccines a -
mitochondria
- Tissues :
w
nucleous
·
1 . Connective +issue (ligaments
cytoplasm .
2 Epithelial tissue (Skin)
.
3 Muscle (organs Skeleta
i
-
tissue
a Cardiac
cell wall
Nervous (neurons veins
4
. tissue ,
-
/ I
↑
ribosomes
Cells are produced
when fertilizes a and createo
lysosome
microtobles-----
Nucleous : Control center
I
a
zygotefem e
phases
System
:
1) zygote
: Collection of /
Cytoplasm
one :
maintains shape of cell
2) embryo
or more
organs .
↑ ↓
3) foetus
atom molecule cell Mitochondria :
Supplies energy.
Tissue I
what enter
organism system organ cell membrane : decides can
the cell . I
DNA Genes Chromosomes
, ,
Human : 23 pairs
DNA Deoxyribonucleic acid .
chromosomes ( Y )
shape : double helix
:
3) Karyotype :
=
46 total
chromosomes/disays-
* Ladder : made
up of Shows
AT, CG
phospherate & sugar
A : Adenine Largest to smallest
T :
Thymine
23 chromosome = sex
Y ·
chromosome
Cicytosine
G : Guanine
chromosome D
Side note : if 21 pair has extra
chromosome = downsyndrome .
MitOSIS: process that allows a cell to make an exact
copy of itself
Somatic cells : all cells that are non
gametes
Drowth Cell Division :
X
Regeneratina un
[produces 2 identical
daughter cells. ]
Blood cells = 120 days daughter cell (diploid cells centromere
each chromosome
Shin Cells =
2 weeks
Steps :
1) phrophase : &
makes an exact copy o
itself. Nuclear membrane
disappears .
Nerve cells
- cannot be repaired---- chromosomes
f
2) Metaphase
M eiosis : , :natibesatig
I
Cellular devision used
,3) Anaphase
in Sexual Spindle fibres pull
: Exxo apart chromosomes.
reproduction 4 non-identical daughter cells *T pull them to opposite
ends .
·
Chromosomes
Step make
4) Telophase
&Nuclear
memora
:
exact copies of themselve
around
&
I each mass Of
chromosomes
nuclear membranes
# disappears
/
15)
chromatids Cross-ove
b) Cytokinesis
DNA
exchanges combine genetics
: ⑤
cell pinches
in middle
apart
-1
. Makes
⑭ -
two identical
mitotic spindles form daughter cells
[Differences
- -
.
-
- -
s :
C)
i cytokenisis
Y -- Mitosis Meiosis :
/ occurs all over
only in
gametes
d) non-Identical cells
I
·
Z identical d Cells
.
4 non-identical d .
Cells
·
each d. cell 46 chromosomes each d. cell 23 chromosomes
/17
e) /I / cell divides 1 time ·
cell divides twice
& Cytokenesis
I
·
No crossover Is crossover
purpose :
purpose : produce reproductive
f) XX M *
4 non-identical I replaceexistinga cells
daughter cells.
I
, Cells Tissues & ,
Cell Cultures
~ 10 trillion cells in human
Cli
body .
I
refre produced outside
organism
ima
.
-
Function :grafts Vaccines a -
mitochondria
- Tissues :
w
nucleous
·
1 . Connective +issue (ligaments
cytoplasm .
2 Epithelial tissue (Skin)
.
3 Muscle (organs Skeleta
i
-
tissue
a Cardiac
cell wall
Nervous (neurons veins
4
. tissue ,
-
/ I
↑
ribosomes
Cells are produced
when fertilizes a and createo
lysosome
microtobles-----
Nucleous : Control center
I
a
zygotefem e
phases
System
:
1) zygote
: Collection of /
Cytoplasm
one :
maintains shape of cell
2) embryo
or more
organs .
↑ ↓
3) foetus
atom molecule cell Mitochondria :
Supplies energy.
Tissue I
what enter
organism system organ cell membrane : decides can
the cell . I
DNA Genes Chromosomes
, ,
Human : 23 pairs
DNA Deoxyribonucleic acid .
chromosomes ( Y )
shape : double helix
:
3) Karyotype :
=
46 total
chromosomes/disays-
* Ladder : made
up of Shows
AT, CG
phospherate & sugar
A : Adenine Largest to smallest
T :
Thymine
23 chromosome = sex
Y ·
chromosome
Cicytosine
G : Guanine
chromosome D
Side note : if 21 pair has extra
chromosome = downsyndrome .
