CMC 610 Theories Midterm Review Guide | 2025/2026 | Latest update
Empathy
What are the relationship
Unconditional Positive
factors all therapists should
Regard Congruence
exhibit?
Interpersonal
skills
Working
alliance
Provide an explanation for clients' problems
What are the effective Develop a counseling or treatment plan that is consistent with
therapist's professional the explanation for the problem
qualities? (i.e.- effective Monitor clients'
therapists have/are/provide progress Flexible
etc.) Address difficult counseling material
and topics Communicate hope,
enthusiasm, and optimism
Display sensitivity to clients' personal
characteristics Self aware
Continually improve
Aware of the research and use evidence-based approaches
Identify and define Freud's Id, Ego, Superego
three key structures of
human personality.
"instincts"
The id, which is present from birth, comprises the basic instincts
Id and drives of the human being. These basic instincts are often
irrational and impulsive and are firmly rooted in the
unconscious. Ruled by the pleasure principles, the id seeks
immediate gratification.
"executive mediating"
The executor of the mind, the ego is the only part of the
personality that is in direct contact with reality. The ego
Ego
functions as a means of mediating the impulses of the id and
the inhibitions of the superego. The ego resides in the conscious
mind and can be thought of as the logical mind; it works to
appease the id in a socially acceptable way.
, "conscience"
The judge of the mind, the superego is the part of the
Superego personality that internalizes values and houses the moral
code. In young children, the superego has not totally
formed, but in older children and adolescents, it is firmly at
work judging and pushing against id impulses
Conscious
Levels of consciousness Preconscious
Unconscious
Conscious material in awareness, always available to us
holds information that may not be part of current awareness but
that can be readily accessed. This material may be benign, such
Preconscious as the memory of an individual we knew years ago but do not
think of until we see her again in the grocery store; or it may be
aversive, such as the memory of a car accident that returns to
us each time we hear the screech of car brakes applied in a
hurry
holds memories that are highly charged, including repressed
drives and impulses (such as a child's sexual feelings toward a
parent) and recollections of experiences that may be too
painful or unacceptable to be allowed into the conscious or
Unconscious
preconscious. Freud believed that the unconscious held many
more memories than were in the preconscious or the conscious.
Psychoanalysis can bring memories from the unconscious into
the conscious. However, without benefit of therapy, those
memories may either remain in the unconscious or emerge into
consciousness in symbolic or distorted ways, perhaps via
dreams or symptoms.
Ideas related to Psychodynamic Displacement, Reaction Formation, Sublimation, Projection
Theory
Transferring strong feelings from the situation in which they
Displacement
originated to a less threatening situation
Replacing unacceptable thoughts and emotions with their
Reaction Formation
opposite to overcompensate
Sublimation Redirecting potentially harmful emotions or impulses into socially
acceptable ones
Projection Attributing one's own unacceptable thoughts, emotions, or actions to
another
What are the roles of the To interpret unconscious processes and facilitate insight as the 'expert'
therapist in psychoanalysis,
and what content is most
important to the therapist?
1. Oral Stage
2. Anal Stage
Freud's Psychosexual Stages 3. Phallic Stage
Empathy
What are the relationship
Unconditional Positive
factors all therapists should
Regard Congruence
exhibit?
Interpersonal
skills
Working
alliance
Provide an explanation for clients' problems
What are the effective Develop a counseling or treatment plan that is consistent with
therapist's professional the explanation for the problem
qualities? (i.e.- effective Monitor clients'
therapists have/are/provide progress Flexible
etc.) Address difficult counseling material
and topics Communicate hope,
enthusiasm, and optimism
Display sensitivity to clients' personal
characteristics Self aware
Continually improve
Aware of the research and use evidence-based approaches
Identify and define Freud's Id, Ego, Superego
three key structures of
human personality.
"instincts"
The id, which is present from birth, comprises the basic instincts
Id and drives of the human being. These basic instincts are often
irrational and impulsive and are firmly rooted in the
unconscious. Ruled by the pleasure principles, the id seeks
immediate gratification.
"executive mediating"
The executor of the mind, the ego is the only part of the
personality that is in direct contact with reality. The ego
Ego
functions as a means of mediating the impulses of the id and
the inhibitions of the superego. The ego resides in the conscious
mind and can be thought of as the logical mind; it works to
appease the id in a socially acceptable way.
, "conscience"
The judge of the mind, the superego is the part of the
Superego personality that internalizes values and houses the moral
code. In young children, the superego has not totally
formed, but in older children and adolescents, it is firmly at
work judging and pushing against id impulses
Conscious
Levels of consciousness Preconscious
Unconscious
Conscious material in awareness, always available to us
holds information that may not be part of current awareness but
that can be readily accessed. This material may be benign, such
Preconscious as the memory of an individual we knew years ago but do not
think of until we see her again in the grocery store; or it may be
aversive, such as the memory of a car accident that returns to
us each time we hear the screech of car brakes applied in a
hurry
holds memories that are highly charged, including repressed
drives and impulses (such as a child's sexual feelings toward a
parent) and recollections of experiences that may be too
painful or unacceptable to be allowed into the conscious or
Unconscious
preconscious. Freud believed that the unconscious held many
more memories than were in the preconscious or the conscious.
Psychoanalysis can bring memories from the unconscious into
the conscious. However, without benefit of therapy, those
memories may either remain in the unconscious or emerge into
consciousness in symbolic or distorted ways, perhaps via
dreams or symptoms.
Ideas related to Psychodynamic Displacement, Reaction Formation, Sublimation, Projection
Theory
Transferring strong feelings from the situation in which they
Displacement
originated to a less threatening situation
Replacing unacceptable thoughts and emotions with their
Reaction Formation
opposite to overcompensate
Sublimation Redirecting potentially harmful emotions or impulses into socially
acceptable ones
Projection Attributing one's own unacceptable thoughts, emotions, or actions to
another
What are the roles of the To interpret unconscious processes and facilitate insight as the 'expert'
therapist in psychoanalysis,
and what content is most
important to the therapist?
1. Oral Stage
2. Anal Stage
Freud's Psychosexual Stages 3. Phallic Stage
