BS 161 Exam 2 MSU questions with answers

BS 161 Exam 2 MSU questions with
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answers

Common Characteristics of Cells - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔-
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plasma membrane |\




-cytosol
-Chromosomes
-Ribosomes
-endoplasmic reticulum |\




-nucleus
-golgi apparatus
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-mitochondria


Eukaryotic Cell Characteristics - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔-genetic
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material enclosed in nucleus,
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-many membrane bound compartments
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- larger
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-can be unicellular or multicellular
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-DNA is found in nucleus, bounded by double membrane
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Prokaryotic Cell Characteristics - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔-no
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nucleus
-small
-unicellular

,-spectacularly diverse |\




-DNA is found in a region not surrounded by nucleus, nucleoid
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Cytoplasm - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔The material within the cell,
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excluding the nucleus. The semi-fluid matrix that fills the interior
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of every cell and has a high concentration of proteins and other
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macromolecules


Cytosol - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔The fluid portion of the
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cytoplasm; it contains dissolved organic molecules and ions
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Nucleoid - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔A dense region of DNA in a
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prokaryotic cell |\




What are membranes made out of? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔a
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double layer of phospholipids and other lipids.
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embedded in this are diverse proteins. |\ |\ |\ |\ |\




Nuclear Envelope - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔A double membrane
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that surrounds the nucleus in the cell
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contains pore structures |\ |\ |\




pore complex-regulates the entry and exit of proteins and RNA's
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Nuclear Lamina - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔a netlike array of
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protein filaments lining the inner surface of the nuclear envelope;
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it helps maintain the shape of the nucleus.
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-lines the nuclear side of the envelope.
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,Nuclear Matrix - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔A framework of fibers
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extending throughout the nuclear interior |\ |\ |\ |\




Chromosomes - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔threadlike structures |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\


made of DNA molecules that contain the genes.
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Chromatin - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔long strands of DNA found in
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the eukaryotic cell nucleus; condense to form chromosomes
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How many chromosomes? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔humans cell-
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46
sex cell-23
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Nucleolus - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔the organelle where |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\


ribosomes are made, synthesized and partially assembled, |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\


located in the nucleus |\ |\ |\




rRNA - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔The most abundant type of RNA,
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which together with proteins froms the structure of ribosomes.
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Ribosomes coordinate the sequential coupling of tRNA molecules|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\


to mRNA codons; also called ribosomal RNA.
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How does nucleus direct protein synthesis? - CORRECT ANSWERS
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✔✔by synthesizing mRNA from the DNA.
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then mRNA is transported to cytoplasm via nuclear pores.
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, once mRNA reaches cytoplasm, ribosomes translate mRNA
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genetic message into the primary structure of a specific
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polypeptide.


Ribosome - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔The molecular machine that
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carries out protein synthesis; the most complicated aggregation
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of proteins in a cell, also containing three different rRNA
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molecules.


Endomembrane System - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔The collection |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\


of membranes inside and around a eukaryotic cell, related either
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through direct physical contact or by the transfer of membranous
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vesicles; includes the smooth and rough endoplasmic reticulum,
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the Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, and vacuoles.
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carrys out synthesis of proteins, trnsport of proteins into
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membranes and organelles or out of the cell, metabolism and |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\


movement of lipids, detoxification of poison. |\ |\ |\ |\ |\




Endoplasmic Reticulum - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Internal |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\


membrane system that forms a net-like array of channels and
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interconnections within the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells. |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\


Composed of a phospholipid bilayer embedded with proteins
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ER Lumen - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔the space inside the ER
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where proteins are folded, modified and prepared for transport to
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other locations in the cell or are tagged for export from the cell
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Smooth ER Functions - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Lipid metabolism;
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Detoxification and conjugation; Steroid synthesis; Glycogen |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\


metabolism; Calcium storage (sarcoplsmic reticulum)pumps |\ |\ |\ |\ |\