Earth Science Regents Review Study Guide with Answers
*ASTRONOMY* - ans
*FIELD MAPS* - ans
*GEOLOGIC HISTORY* - ans
*INTRO TO EARTH SCIENCE* - ans
*ROCKS AND MINERALS* - ans
*THE DYNAMIC CRUST (PLATE TECTONICS & EARTHQUAKES)* - ans
*WEATHERING, EROSION AND DEPOSITION* - ans
2 classes of Planets - ansTerrestrial, Jovian
2 General Classes of Fields - ansScaler and Vector
2 Most Abundant rock forming elements in the crust by % Mass - ansR/T pg. 1
-Oxygen= 46.1%
-Silicon= 28.2%
2 Most Abundant rock forming elements in the crust by % Volume - ansR/T pg. 1
-Oxygen= 94.04%
-Silicon= 1.42%
,2 Types of Igneous Rocks - ansExtrusive and Intrusive
2 Types of Metamorphic Rocks - ansRegional and Contact
2 types of molten rock - ansMagma and Lava
2 Types of Seismic Waves - ansPrimary and Secondary
3 Groups of Rocks - ansSedimentary, Igneous, Metamorphic
3 Main Earth Systems - ansLithosphere, Hydrosphere, Atmosphere
4 agents of erosion - ansRunning water, glaciers, wind and waves
*Humans have moved more sediment that all 4 agents combines*
4 Main Branches of Earth Science - ansGeology, Astronomy, Meteorology, Oceanography
4 Major Earth Zones - ansCrust, Mantle, Outer Core, Inner Core
(REFERENCE TABLE PAGE 10)
Absolute dating - ansactual age
-radiometric
Alpine glaciers - anshigh altitude, mountain location
Angle to Polaris - ansEvidence of earths shape
,-Astrolabe: measures the angle to polaris (Between the earths surface and polaris
*THE ANGLE TO POLARIS IS EQUAL TO YOUR LATITUDE ONLY IN THE NORTHERN HEMISPHERE*
-Light from polaris travels to us in perfect parallel lines
*As you travel from the equator (0) to the north pole (90), the angle increases (and vice versa)
Annular - ansRing like pattern
Created by an upturned dome
Arete - ansshare ridges
Arrival Time - ansThe time a P or S wave gets to another location (clock time)
Asteroid - anslarge rocky objects that are left over from the formation of our solar system
-vary in size (pebbles- 600 MILES in size)
Located in a belt that orbits the sun between Mars and Jupiter
Asthenosphere - ansUpper portion of the mantle
Astronomical Units (AU) - ansused within out solar system
-mean (Average) earth to sun distance
-1 AU= 93 million miles
Astronomy - ans-Approximately 15 billion years ago, the universe began with a "big bang"
-It is assumed that all the material in the universe started as a super massive ball of Hydrogen Gas
-Ball of gas exploded and expanded-> all of this material eventually condensed into galaxies of dust and gass
-expansion continues today
, Astronomy - ansThe study of objects beyond the earth (Space, planets, stars, meteors)
Atmosphere - ansLayer of the gasses that surround the earth
4 Layers
1. Troposphere
2. Stratosphere
3. Mesosphere
4. Thermosphere
(R/T Pg. 1)
Biological Processes - ansSedimentary rocks formed from once living organisms
Blue Shift - ansIndicates that objects are moving closer together (distance is decreasing)
Can any rock become any other rock? - ansYes (R/T page 6 diagram)
Carbon Dioxide - anscarbonic acid
*pollution*- increase in acid rain
Cementation - ansWhen sediments are cemented together by minerals that precipitate out of sea water
Chemical Action - ansCrystalline
- formed by precipitates and evaporates
Chemical Test - ansWhen acid is placed on a mineral and checked for bubbling
*Indicates if a mineral is a carbonate
ex: Calcite
*ASTRONOMY* - ans
*FIELD MAPS* - ans
*GEOLOGIC HISTORY* - ans
*INTRO TO EARTH SCIENCE* - ans
*ROCKS AND MINERALS* - ans
*THE DYNAMIC CRUST (PLATE TECTONICS & EARTHQUAKES)* - ans
*WEATHERING, EROSION AND DEPOSITION* - ans
2 classes of Planets - ansTerrestrial, Jovian
2 General Classes of Fields - ansScaler and Vector
2 Most Abundant rock forming elements in the crust by % Mass - ansR/T pg. 1
-Oxygen= 46.1%
-Silicon= 28.2%
2 Most Abundant rock forming elements in the crust by % Volume - ansR/T pg. 1
-Oxygen= 94.04%
-Silicon= 1.42%
,2 Types of Igneous Rocks - ansExtrusive and Intrusive
2 Types of Metamorphic Rocks - ansRegional and Contact
2 types of molten rock - ansMagma and Lava
2 Types of Seismic Waves - ansPrimary and Secondary
3 Groups of Rocks - ansSedimentary, Igneous, Metamorphic
3 Main Earth Systems - ansLithosphere, Hydrosphere, Atmosphere
4 agents of erosion - ansRunning water, glaciers, wind and waves
*Humans have moved more sediment that all 4 agents combines*
4 Main Branches of Earth Science - ansGeology, Astronomy, Meteorology, Oceanography
4 Major Earth Zones - ansCrust, Mantle, Outer Core, Inner Core
(REFERENCE TABLE PAGE 10)
Absolute dating - ansactual age
-radiometric
Alpine glaciers - anshigh altitude, mountain location
Angle to Polaris - ansEvidence of earths shape
,-Astrolabe: measures the angle to polaris (Between the earths surface and polaris
*THE ANGLE TO POLARIS IS EQUAL TO YOUR LATITUDE ONLY IN THE NORTHERN HEMISPHERE*
-Light from polaris travels to us in perfect parallel lines
*As you travel from the equator (0) to the north pole (90), the angle increases (and vice versa)
Annular - ansRing like pattern
Created by an upturned dome
Arete - ansshare ridges
Arrival Time - ansThe time a P or S wave gets to another location (clock time)
Asteroid - anslarge rocky objects that are left over from the formation of our solar system
-vary in size (pebbles- 600 MILES in size)
Located in a belt that orbits the sun between Mars and Jupiter
Asthenosphere - ansUpper portion of the mantle
Astronomical Units (AU) - ansused within out solar system
-mean (Average) earth to sun distance
-1 AU= 93 million miles
Astronomy - ans-Approximately 15 billion years ago, the universe began with a "big bang"
-It is assumed that all the material in the universe started as a super massive ball of Hydrogen Gas
-Ball of gas exploded and expanded-> all of this material eventually condensed into galaxies of dust and gass
-expansion continues today
, Astronomy - ansThe study of objects beyond the earth (Space, planets, stars, meteors)
Atmosphere - ansLayer of the gasses that surround the earth
4 Layers
1. Troposphere
2. Stratosphere
3. Mesosphere
4. Thermosphere
(R/T Pg. 1)
Biological Processes - ansSedimentary rocks formed from once living organisms
Blue Shift - ansIndicates that objects are moving closer together (distance is decreasing)
Can any rock become any other rock? - ansYes (R/T page 6 diagram)
Carbon Dioxide - anscarbonic acid
*pollution*- increase in acid rain
Cementation - ansWhen sediments are cemented together by minerals that precipitate out of sea water
Chemical Action - ansCrystalline
- formed by precipitates and evaporates
Chemical Test - ansWhen acid is placed on a mineral and checked for bubbling
*Indicates if a mineral is a carbonate
ex: Calcite
