NR565 Advanced Pharmacology – Ultimate Rapid Review Pack (2025–2026) | High-Yield 6-Page Cheat Sheet | NP Exam Guaranteed Pass

Leigh




High-Yield, Exam-Focused, Rapid Review Sheet

(Perfect for “night-before exam” prep)



1. Bactericidal vs Bacteriostatic

Bactericidal (Kills bacteria) – “Bad Bugs Die Fast”

 Beta-lactams (PCNs, cephalosporins, carbapenems)

 Aminoglycosides

 Fluoroquinolones

 Metronidazole

 Vancomycin

 Streptogramins

Bacteriostatic (Inhibits growth) – “ECSTaTIC”

 Erythromycin (macrolides)

 Clindamycin

 Sulfonamides

 Tetracyclines

 Trimethoprim

 Isoniazid (static on its own)

 Chloramphenicol



2. Beta-Lactam Antibiotics Overview

Penicillins

,Leigh


Natural PCNs

 Penicillin V, Penicillin G
Best for: Gram (+) (Strep, some anaerobes)

Aminopenicillins

 Amoxicillin, Ampicillin
Added: Gram (–) (H. influenzae, E. coli)

Beta-Lactamase Inhibitor Combos

 Amoxicillin–Clavulanate (Augmentin)
Coverage expands to beta-lactamase producers.

Anti-staphylococcal PCNs

 Dicloxacillin, Nafcillin
DOC: MSSA skin infections

Anti-pseudomonal

 Piperacillin/tazobactam
Covers: Pseudomonas, severe Gram (–)



Cephalosporins by Generation

1st gen

 Cephalexin, cefazolin
Best for: Gram (+) cocci, skin infections

2nd gen

 Cefuroxime, cefaclor, cefotetan
Adds: H. influenzae, some anaerobes

3rd gen

 Ceftriaxone, cefdinir, cefpodoxime
Strong Gram (–) including more resistant strains

4th gen

, Leigh


 Cefepime
Broad spectrum: Gram (+) and Gram (–)



3. Fluoroquinolones

Older FQs (Gram – heavy)

 Ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin
Best for: UTIs, GI, Pseudomonas

Respiratory FQs

 Levofloxacin, moxifloxacin
Best for: CAP, sinusitis

BLACK BOX WARNING:

 Tendon rupture

 CNS effects

 Peripheral neuropathy



4. Macrolides

Drugs

 Azithromycin, clarithromycin, erythromycin

Uses

 CAP (atypicals)

 Pertussis

 Legionella

 Chlamydia

 H. pylori regimens

 Strep throat (PCN allergy)