FNP 652 COMPREHENSIVE EXAM 2026
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 100% CORRECT
◉ What is the definition of Hirschsprung disease? Answer: Congenital
absence of ganglion cells in section of large intestine which results in
lack of motility
◉ What is the gold standard for diagnosis of Hirschsprung Disease?
Answer: Biopsy
◉ A 1 month old infant is brought in by his mother with complaints of
multiple episodes of forceful vomiting that is getting worse. What
condition would you suspect? Answer: Pyloric Stenosis
◉ A 1 month old infant is brought in by his mother with constant hunger
and weight loss despite the mother trying to supplement his feeding. He
has had regular bouts of vomiting, which the mother thought was normal
for infants. You palpate an olive shaped mass in the right upper quadrant
of the abdomen. What diagnosis do you suspect? Answer: Pyloric
Stenosis
◉ What is the treatment for Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome? Answer: PPI
,◉ What percentage of weight loss is enough to improve obesity related
co-morbidities? Answer: 5-10%
◉ What medication for obesity blocks the digestion and absorption of
fat in the stomach and small intestines? Answer: Orlistat
◉ What are the ranges for BMI for class I, II and III of obesity?
Answer: I >30- <35
II >35-<40
III >40
◉ What frequency and duration of GI symptoms constitutes irritable
bowel syndrome? Answer: Symptoms present at least 3 days a month
for at least 3 months.
◉ A 30 year old female patient presents with complaints of cramping
abdominal pain with frequent diarrhea for the past year. She has had no
weight loss or blood in her stool. She frequently feels bloated and as
though she cannot go out with friends, because she needs to use the
restroom so frequently. What diagnosis do you suspect? Answer:
Irritable bowel syndrome
◉ An emergent condition where one bowel segment becomes
invaginated into another Answer: Intussusception
,◉ Mother presents with her 2 year old child who is complaining of
severe abdominal pain and 4 episodes of vomiting in the last 24 hours.
He has had 4 episodes of "currant jelly" like stool, and the most recent
one had blood in it. What diagnosis do you suspect? Answer:
Intussusception
◉ What is the gold standard for diagnosis of intussusception? Answer:
abdominal ultrasound
◉ What condition is associated with a "bulls eye" or "coiled spring"
appearance when seen on fluoroscopy or ultrasound? Answer:
Intussusception
◉ What is the treatment for intussusception? Answer: Air contrast
enema under fluoroscopy
◉ What types of viral hepatitis are self limiting and cause only acute
viral disease and have complete viral clearance? Answer: Hepatitis A
and E
◉ What types of viral hepatitis can result in chronic infections?
Answer: Hepatitis B, C, and D
, ◉ A patient who is newly diagnosed with GERD should receive what
type of medication as first line treatment? Answer: H2 Antagonist (ex:
Ranitidine, Famotidine)
◉ A 10 year old female patient presents to the clinic with her mother
with complaints of ongoing generalized abdominal pain over the last 6
months. Her stool is negative for occult blood and she is absent of any
alarm symptoms. All previous imagining and work up has come back
negative. The pain is intermittent, and is unrelated to meals, movement
or activity. Pain medications thus far have been ineffective, and the
school is sending letters home regarding the child's many absences.
What condition do you suspect? Answer: Functional Abdominal Pain
◉ Which liver enzyme is typically higher in Non-alcoholic fatty liver
disease? ALT or AST? Answer: ALT
◉ What are potential causes of non alcoholic fatty liver disease?
Answer: Obesity, DM, hypertriglyceridemia associated with insulin
resistance as a part of metabolic syndrome
◉ What are the "2 hits" in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease? Answer: 1-
insulin resistance and altered lipid metabolism resulting in fatty acids
infiltrating the liver.
2-Inflammation causes more liver injury, which can result in fibrosis and
later cirrhosis
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 100% CORRECT
◉ What is the definition of Hirschsprung disease? Answer: Congenital
absence of ganglion cells in section of large intestine which results in
lack of motility
◉ What is the gold standard for diagnosis of Hirschsprung Disease?
Answer: Biopsy
◉ A 1 month old infant is brought in by his mother with complaints of
multiple episodes of forceful vomiting that is getting worse. What
condition would you suspect? Answer: Pyloric Stenosis
◉ A 1 month old infant is brought in by his mother with constant hunger
and weight loss despite the mother trying to supplement his feeding. He
has had regular bouts of vomiting, which the mother thought was normal
for infants. You palpate an olive shaped mass in the right upper quadrant
of the abdomen. What diagnosis do you suspect? Answer: Pyloric
Stenosis
◉ What is the treatment for Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome? Answer: PPI
,◉ What percentage of weight loss is enough to improve obesity related
co-morbidities? Answer: 5-10%
◉ What medication for obesity blocks the digestion and absorption of
fat in the stomach and small intestines? Answer: Orlistat
◉ What are the ranges for BMI for class I, II and III of obesity?
Answer: I >30- <35
II >35-<40
III >40
◉ What frequency and duration of GI symptoms constitutes irritable
bowel syndrome? Answer: Symptoms present at least 3 days a month
for at least 3 months.
◉ A 30 year old female patient presents with complaints of cramping
abdominal pain with frequent diarrhea for the past year. She has had no
weight loss or blood in her stool. She frequently feels bloated and as
though she cannot go out with friends, because she needs to use the
restroom so frequently. What diagnosis do you suspect? Answer:
Irritable bowel syndrome
◉ An emergent condition where one bowel segment becomes
invaginated into another Answer: Intussusception
,◉ Mother presents with her 2 year old child who is complaining of
severe abdominal pain and 4 episodes of vomiting in the last 24 hours.
He has had 4 episodes of "currant jelly" like stool, and the most recent
one had blood in it. What diagnosis do you suspect? Answer:
Intussusception
◉ What is the gold standard for diagnosis of intussusception? Answer:
abdominal ultrasound
◉ What condition is associated with a "bulls eye" or "coiled spring"
appearance when seen on fluoroscopy or ultrasound? Answer:
Intussusception
◉ What is the treatment for intussusception? Answer: Air contrast
enema under fluoroscopy
◉ What types of viral hepatitis are self limiting and cause only acute
viral disease and have complete viral clearance? Answer: Hepatitis A
and E
◉ What types of viral hepatitis can result in chronic infections?
Answer: Hepatitis B, C, and D
, ◉ A patient who is newly diagnosed with GERD should receive what
type of medication as first line treatment? Answer: H2 Antagonist (ex:
Ranitidine, Famotidine)
◉ A 10 year old female patient presents to the clinic with her mother
with complaints of ongoing generalized abdominal pain over the last 6
months. Her stool is negative for occult blood and she is absent of any
alarm symptoms. All previous imagining and work up has come back
negative. The pain is intermittent, and is unrelated to meals, movement
or activity. Pain medications thus far have been ineffective, and the
school is sending letters home regarding the child's many absences.
What condition do you suspect? Answer: Functional Abdominal Pain
◉ Which liver enzyme is typically higher in Non-alcoholic fatty liver
disease? ALT or AST? Answer: ALT
◉ What are potential causes of non alcoholic fatty liver disease?
Answer: Obesity, DM, hypertriglyceridemia associated with insulin
resistance as a part of metabolic syndrome
◉ What are the "2 hits" in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease? Answer: 1-
insulin resistance and altered lipid metabolism resulting in fatty acids
infiltrating the liver.
2-Inflammation causes more liver injury, which can result in fibrosis and
later cirrhosis
