Statistics Portage CNSL 503 Exam 3
Questions and Answers10
alpha level - ANSWERS-the maximum probability that one would make a type I error if the null
hypothesis is true; a decision criterion set prior to data collection
p value - ANSWERS-the probability that we have made a type I error if the null hypothesis is
true; based on the collected data
problems with hypothesis testing - ANSWERS-1. conventional levels of alpha (0.05, 0.01 or
0.001) are arbitrary
2. a larger sample size is more likely to achieve statistical significance than smaller sample size
(statistical significance does not equal meaningful significance)
3. there is too much reliance on the p value as the sole measure upon which conclusions are
made (variances)
4. people (including researchers) misinterpret the p value and the results of hypothesis testing
5. there is a bias towards publishing statistically significant results over non-significant results;
this leads to an incomplete and biased picture of the findings
How to combat problems with hypothesis testing? - ANSWERS-supplement hypothesis testing
with additional measures, such as effect size and confidence levels
parameter - ANSWERS-a numerical value that describes a population
example of parameter - ANSWERS-population mean
statistic - ANSWERS-a value that describes a sample; used to estimate population parameter
, example of a statistics - ANSWERS-sample mean
In order to make correct inferences about the population, the sample must... - ANSWERS-reflect
the population
representative sample - ANSWERS-consist of members that possess the same characteristics as
those of the population
biased sample - ANSWERS-a sample that is not representative of the population
5 types of sampling techniques - ANSWERS-simple random sampling, systematic sampling,
stratified sampling, cluster sampling, and convenience sampling
simple random sampling - ANSWERS-each member of the population has an equal chance of
being selected for the sample
example of simple random sampling - ANSWERS-everyone in the population of interest rolls a
die, everyone rolling a 6 gets selected
In simple random sampling, the probability that each member is selected is ____ of one
another. - ANSWERS-independent
Simple random sampling is ideal for ____ populations. - ANSWERS-small
systemic sampling - ANSWERS-random sampling with a system in which a starting point is
random and each subsequent member is selected based on a fixed interval
Questions and Answers10
alpha level - ANSWERS-the maximum probability that one would make a type I error if the null
hypothesis is true; a decision criterion set prior to data collection
p value - ANSWERS-the probability that we have made a type I error if the null hypothesis is
true; based on the collected data
problems with hypothesis testing - ANSWERS-1. conventional levels of alpha (0.05, 0.01 or
0.001) are arbitrary
2. a larger sample size is more likely to achieve statistical significance than smaller sample size
(statistical significance does not equal meaningful significance)
3. there is too much reliance on the p value as the sole measure upon which conclusions are
made (variances)
4. people (including researchers) misinterpret the p value and the results of hypothesis testing
5. there is a bias towards publishing statistically significant results over non-significant results;
this leads to an incomplete and biased picture of the findings
How to combat problems with hypothesis testing? - ANSWERS-supplement hypothesis testing
with additional measures, such as effect size and confidence levels
parameter - ANSWERS-a numerical value that describes a population
example of parameter - ANSWERS-population mean
statistic - ANSWERS-a value that describes a sample; used to estimate population parameter
, example of a statistics - ANSWERS-sample mean
In order to make correct inferences about the population, the sample must... - ANSWERS-reflect
the population
representative sample - ANSWERS-consist of members that possess the same characteristics as
those of the population
biased sample - ANSWERS-a sample that is not representative of the population
5 types of sampling techniques - ANSWERS-simple random sampling, systematic sampling,
stratified sampling, cluster sampling, and convenience sampling
simple random sampling - ANSWERS-each member of the population has an equal chance of
being selected for the sample
example of simple random sampling - ANSWERS-everyone in the population of interest rolls a
die, everyone rolling a 6 gets selected
In simple random sampling, the probability that each member is selected is ____ of one
another. - ANSWERS-independent
Simple random sampling is ideal for ____ populations. - ANSWERS-small
systemic sampling - ANSWERS-random sampling with a system in which a starting point is
random and each subsequent member is selected based on a fixed interval
